Diel niche variation in mammals associated with expanded trait space

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Март 19, 2021

Abstract Mammalian life shows huge diversity, but most groups remain nocturnal in their activity pattern. A key unresolved question is whether mammal species that have diversified into different diel niches occupy unique regions of functional trait space. For 5,104 extant mammals we show here daytime-active (cathemeral or diurnal) evolved combinations along gradients from those and crepuscular species. Hypervolumes five major traits (body mass, litter size, diet, foraging strata, habitat breadth) reveal 30% diurnal space unique, compared to 55% Almost half (44%) with apparently obligate shared can switch, suggesting more than currently realised may be somewhat flexible patterns. Increasingly, conservation measures focused on protecting functionally species; for mammals, distinctiveness requires a focus across niches.

Язык: Английский

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Mammals adjust diel activity across gradients of urbanization

eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11

Опубликована: Март 30, 2022

Time is a fundamental component of ecological processes. How animal behavior changes over time has been explored through well-known theories like niche partitioning and predator-prey dynamics. Yet, in within the shorter 24-hr light-dark cycle have largely gone unstudied. Understanding if an can adjust their temporal activity to mitigate or adapt environmental change become recent topic discussion important for effective wildlife management conservation. While spatial habitat consideration conservation, often ignored. We formulated resource selection model quantify diel 8 mammal species across 10 US cities. found high variability patterns among species-specific correlations between human population density, impervious land cover, available greenspace, vegetation mean daily temperature. also that some may modulate behaviors manage both natural anthropogenic risks. Our results highlight complexity with which interact local characteristics, suggest urban mammals use along reduce risk, adapt, therefore persist, cases thrive, human-dominated ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Daily activity timing in the Anthropocene

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 38(4), С. 324 - 336

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2022

Язык: Английский

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The influence of human activity on predator–prey spatiotemporal overlap

Journal of Animal Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 92(6), С. 1124 - 1134

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2023

Abstract Despite growing evidence of widespread impacts humans on animal behaviour, our understanding how reshape species interactions remains limited. Here, we present a framework that draws key concepts from behavioural and community ecology to outline four primary pathways by which can alter predator–prey spatiotemporal overlap. We suggest dyads exhibit similar or opposite responses human activity with distinct outcomes for predator diet, predation rates, population demography trophic cascades. demonstrate assess these response hypothesis testing, using temporal data 178 published camera trap studies terrestrial mammals. found each the proposed pathways, revealing multiple patterns influence Our case study highlight current challenges, gaps, advances in linking behaviour change dynamics. By hypothesis‐driven approach estimate potential altered interactions, researchers anticipate ecological consequences activities whole communities.

Язык: Английский

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Crowded mountains: Long-term effects of human outdoor recreation on a community of wild mammals monitored with systematic camera trapping

AMBIO, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(6), С. 1085 - 1097

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Partial COVID-19 closure of a national park reveals negative influence of low-impact recreation on wildlife spatiotemporal ecology

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Abstract Human presence exerts complex effects on the ecology of species, which has implications for biodiversity persistence in protected areas experiencing increasing human recreation levels. However, difficulty separating effect species from other environmental or disturbance gradients remains a challenge. The cessation activity that occurred with COVID-19 restrictions provides ‘natural experiment’ to better understand influence wildlife. Here, we use closure within heavily visited and highly national park (Glacier National Park, MT, USA) examine how ‘low-impact’ recreational hiking affects spatiotemporal diverse mammal community. Based data collected camera traps when was closed then subsequently open recreation, found consistent negative responses across most our assemblage 24 fewer detections, reduced site use, decreased daytime activity. Our results suggest dual mandates parks conserve promote have potential be conflict, even presumably innocuous activities. There is an urgent need fitness consequences these changes inform management decisions areas.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of human disturbances on wildlife behaviour and consequences for predator-prey overlap in Southeast Asia

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2024

Some animal species shift their activity towards increased nocturnality in disturbed habitats to avoid predominantly diurnal humans. This may alter diel overlap among species, a precondition most predation and competition interactions that structure food webs. Here, using camera trap data from 10 tropical forest landscapes, we find hyperdiverse Southeast Asian wildlife communities peak early mornings intact dawn dusk (increased crepuscularity). Our results indicate anthropogenic disturbances drive opposing behavioural adaptations based on rarity, size feeding guild, with more the 59 rarer specialists' diurnality for medium-sized generalists, less larger hunted species. Species turnover also played role underpinning community- guild-level responses, associated markedly detections of generalists predators. However, predator-prey or competitor guilds does not vary disturbance, suggesting net be conserved.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Human Disturbance on Terrestrial Apex Predators

Diversity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(2), С. 68 - 68

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2021

The effects of human disturbance spread over virtually all ecosystems and ecological communities on Earth. In this review, we focus the terrestrial apex predators. We summarize their role in nature how they respond to different sources disturbance. Apex predators control prey smaller numerically via behavioral changes avoid predation risk, which turn can affect lower trophic levels. Crucially, reducing population numbers triggering responses are also that causes predators, may influence role. Some populations continue be at brink extinction, but others partially recovering former ranges, natural recolonization through reintroductions. Carnivore recovery is both good news for conservation a challenge management, particularly when occurs human-dominated landscapes. Therefore, conclude by discussing several management considerations that, adapted local contexts, favor predator functions nature.

Язык: Английский

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Cathemerality: a key temporal niche

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 99(2), С. 329 - 347

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2023

ABSTRACT Given the marked variation in abiotic and biotic conditions between day night, many species specialise their physical activity to being diurnal or nocturnal, it was long thought that these strategies were commonly fairly fixed invariant. The term ‘cathemeral’, coined 1987, when Tattersall noted a Madagascan primate during hours of both daylight darkness. Initially be rare, cathemerality is now known quite widespread form time partitioning amongst arthropods, fish, birds, mammals. Herein we provide synthesis present understanding cathemeral behaviour, arguing should routinely included alongside nocturnal schemes distinguish categorise across taxa according temporal niche. This particularly timely because ( i ) study animal patterns revolutionised by new improved technologies; ii becoming apparent covers diverse range obligate facultative forms, each with own common sets functional traits, geographic ranges evolutionary history; iii daytime nighttime likely plays an important but currently neglected role niche ecosystem functioning; iv may have ability adapt human‐mediated pressures.

Язык: Английский

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Spatiotemporal Patterns of Wolves, and Sympatric Predators and Prey Relative to Human Disturbance in Northwestern Greece

Diversity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2), С. 184 - 184

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2023

In an era of increasing human pressure on nature, understanding the spatiotemporal patterns wildlife relative to disturbance can inform conservation efforts, especially for large carnivores. We examined temporal activity and spatial wolves eight sympatric mammals at 71 camera trap stations in Greece. Grey temporally overlapped most with wild boars (Δ = 0.84) medium-sized > 0.75), moderately brown bears 0.70), least roe deer 0.46). All were mainly nocturnal exhibited low overlap (humans, vehicles, livestock, dogs; Δ 0.18–0.36), apart from deer, which more diurnal 0.80). Six out nine species increased their nocturnality sites high disturbance, particularly wolves. The detection was negatively associated paved roads, dogs. bears, boars, foxes closer settlements. Our study has applied implications wolf human–wildlife coexistence.

Язык: Английский

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