Combining Multitemporal Optical and Radar Satellite Data for Mapping the Tatra Mountains Non-Forest Plant Communities

Remote Sensing, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(8), С. 1451 - 1451

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2024

Climate change is significantly affecting mountain plant communities, causing dynamic alterations in species composition as well spatial distribution. This raises the need for constant monitoring. The Tatra Mountains are highest range of Carpathians which considered biodiversity hotspots Central Europe. For this purpose, microwave Sentinel-1 and optical multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data, topographic derivatives, iterative machine learning methods incorporating classifiers random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVMs), XGBoost (XGB) were used identification thirteen non-forest communities (various types alpine grasslands, shrublands, herbaceous heaths, hay meadows, rocks, scree communities). Different scenarios tested to identify most important variables, retrieval periods, spectral bands. overall accuracy results individual algorithms reached RF (0.83–0.96), SVM (0.87–0.93), lower (0.69–0.82). best combination, included a fusion Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, achieved F1-scores classes 0.73–0.97 (RF) 0.66–0.95 (SVM). inclusion variables resulted an improvement data by one–four percent points 1%–9%. bands, 10 m resolution bands B4, B3, B2 showed mean decrease accuracy. final result first comprehensive map vegetation area.

Язык: Английский

---

Contrasting and altitude‐specific temporal trends in functional, phylogenetic, and species diversity in Austrian butterfly communities

Oikos, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

Climate change and anthropogenic alteration of landscapes negatively impact the abundance species diversity plant animal communities worldwide. Much less is known about effects on phylogenetic community functioning. Here we use long‐term butterfly data (1980–2022) from Austrian Alps along an elevation gradient. We assessed how adjust structures functionality to increasing temperatures, these changes are linked trait expression Species decreased at low intermediate altitudes, increased high ones. Functional was lower than expected by a random model altitudes with time high, but not altitudes. Phylogenetic did show significant temporal trends altitude, Multifunctionality significantly correlated functional diversity, diversity. argue that ongoing homogenisation Alpine strongly affects species, The assessment richness alone, as provided common surveys, might give false impression state insect in course climate change. directions faunal heavily depend altitude therefore specific climatic conditions. Higher face decreasing multifunctionality despite due induced altitudinal up‐hill shifts many species. conclude studies series should include besides being focused endangerment. Red lists be extended categories importance distinctness.

Язык: Английский

---

Species richness: A pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality

Journal of Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(5), С. 1053 - 1066

Опубликована: Март 23, 2024

Abstract Temperate seminatural grasslands harbour unique biodiversity, support livestock farming through forage production, and deliver many essential ecosystem services (ESs) to human society; they are highly multifunctional. However, temperate grassland ecosystems also among the most threatened on earth due land use climate changes. Understanding how intensification impact multifunctionality complex direct indirect pathways is critical better anticipate future of these fragile ecosystems. Here, we evaluate local plant species richness (SR) modulates effect (using six key ESs: biomass productivity stability, quality, carbon storage, pollination rarity) in French Massif Central, largest Western Europe. We sampled 100 with contrasted fertilization rates SR, over large elevational latitudinal gradients related variation mean annual temperature (MAT), drought severity (DS), two change drivers predicted increase future. Using a confirmatory path analysis, found that SR was main driver multifunctionality. significant × MAT interactions suggesting warm high alter biodiversity–ecosystem relationships. Furthermore, increasing indirectly influenced by decreasing consequent lowland fertilized compared colder montane or less ones. DS only impacted some ES individually (e.g. quality). Synthesis applications : identified as pivotal factor mediating effects both pathways. Failing account for changes could thus bias any prediction of, aggravate, delivery Considering major proxies three global (biodiversity loss, intensification) our study may help multiple interacting

Язык: Английский

---

Phenological plasticity alters community structures of alpine Lepidoptera

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 7, 2025

The current increase in annual temperatures is altering the spatial distribution and timing of activity patterns, i.e. phenology, many animal plant species. Theory predicts such phenological plasticity to affect community composition food web structure. We inferred temporal changes Lepidoptera phenology a mountainous region northern Austria characterised by ongoing environmental climate change. Long-term records (1960‒2022) representing 189,993 2111 species at two altitudinal belts served assess weekly resolution. Temporal trends towards earlier appearance spring prolonged autumn altered short-term lower higher altitudes. Phenological was high throughout study period increased over course years becoming more fuzzy autumn. Variability decreased along years. found little evidence for synchronous shifts level, but buffered effects change on Lepidoptera. However, might webs interactions, particularly pollination, possibly insect diversity.

Язык: Английский

---

Hybrids as mirrors of the past: genomic footprints reveal spatio-temporal dynamics and extinction risk of alpine extremophytes in the mountains of Central Asia

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

Hybridization is one of the key processes shaping lineage diversification, particularly in regions that experienced strong climate oscillations. The alpine biome with its rich history glacial-interglacial cycles and complex patterns species distribution shifts offers an excellent system to investigate impact gene flow on population dynamics speciation, important issues for evolutionary biology biodiversity conservation. In this study, we combined genomic data (DArTseq), chloroplast markers, morphology examine phylogenetic relationships permeability boundaries their outcomes among extremophilic Puccinellia (Poaceae) Pamir Mountains, a part Mountains Central Asia hotspot. We determined occurrence interspecific hybrids between P. himalaica pamirica, which demonstrated almost symmetric ancestry from parental did not show signals introgression. According our integrative revision, natural pamirica should be classified as ×vachanica (pro species). Using approximate Bayesian computation inference, uncovered hybridized independently multiple localities over Holocene. Hybrids inherited fine-scale genetic structure species, developed these earlier, during Late Pleistocene. had different consequences involved lineages, likely playing role continuing decline Our results considered critically endangered could also retreating across entire range High Mountain Asia. comparative phylogeographic framework, revealed risk extinction cold-adapted global This study highlights genomics unravel diversity trends under change provides valuable evidence conservation management.

Язык: Английский

---

Yak and Tibetan sheep mixed grazing enhances plant functional diversity in alpine grassland

Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Shifts in grasses diversity patterns between two contrasting 40‐year climate periods in tropical dry islands

Ecosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Grasses are one of the most successful and dispersed plant families worldwide their environmental economic values widely acknowledged. They dominate landscape Cabo Verde, southernmost driest archipelago Macaronesia, relevant natural resources for local populations, but a comprehensive evaluation distribution patterns is still lacking. In this study, we aim to evaluate potential effects climate change using long‐term data concerning grass in Verde recognized climatic variability archipelago, which entails huge irregularity spatial temporal rainfall. We identified two contrasting periods (wet, from 1929 1968, dry, 1969 2007) gathered all information available bibliography, herbaria, fieldwork spontaneous species recorded during those periods, amounted 107 taxa. This was then used disclose diversity as related topographic variables (altitude windward vs. leeward aspects). Different altitudinal shifts assemblages an assemblage specific wet period were revealed by comparing periods. The role exposure delimiting various highlighted; trade winds clearly determine assemblages. detected according (related macroclimate) factors (associated with mesoclimates). Also, functional traits (i.e., annuals perennials, C3 C4 grasses, tropical temperate species) found vary between dry well altitude slope aspect. Understanding distributions crucial predicting how will affect them thus support effective management conservation actions.

Язык: Английский

---

Colonization and extinction lags drive non‐linear responses to warming in mountain plant communities across the Northern Hemisphere

Ecography, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2024

Global warming is changing plant communities due to the arrival of new species from warmer regions and declining abundance cold‐adapted species. However, experimentally testing predictions about trajectories rates community change challenging because we normally lack an expectation for future composition, most experiments fail incorporate colonization by novel To address these issues, analyzed data 44 whole‐community transplant along 22 elevational gradients across Northern Hemisphere. In experiments, high‐elevation were transplanted lower elevations simulate warming, while also removing dispersal barriers lower‐elevation establish. We quantified extent pace at which warmed shifted towards taxonomic composition elevation communities. High‐elevation converged low‐elevation communities, with higher under stronger experimental warming. Strong shifts occurred in first year after transplantation then slowed over time, such that remained distinct both origin destination control end periods (3‐9 years). Changes driven a similar species, but substantial variation could be partly explained magnitude duration plot size functional traits. Our macroecological approach reveals increasingly resemble today, slow implies considerable extinction lags, where low‐ coexist long time. The important contribution colonizing indicates once are overcome, vulnerable encroachment

Язык: Английский

---

Climate change and the variability in community structure of Alpine Lepidoptera: unstable spring and fuzzy autumn

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024

The current increase in annual temperatures is altering spatial distribution and timing of activity patterns, i.e. phenology, many animal plant species. Theory predicts consequences altered phenology at the community level possible mismatches within food chains. We inferred temporal changes Lepidoptera a mountainous region northern Austria under climate change their implications for structure stability. Long-term records (1990‒2022) representing 110,794 1838 species two altitudinal belts served to assess phenologies weekly resolution. calculated shifts from Sørensen Spearman rank order similarities quantified respective trends similarity across study period linear polynomic models. observed towards earlier appearance spring prolonged autumn caused significant disassembly lower altitudes throughout vegetation period. These were most pronounced summer regard both, composition dominance hierarchy. At higher altitudes, less visible Community alters web structures affect interactions, particularly pollination possibly insect diversity. Further studies need long-term effects on Alpine ecosystem functioning.

Язык: Английский

---

Two decades of increasing functional and phylogenetic richness in a mountaintop flora in central Norway

Journal of Vegetation Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 35(4)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract Questions Analysing how multiple facets of biodiversity vary across space and time can help to predict the vulnerability mountaintop floras future environmental changes. Here we addressed following questions: (a) Are elevational patterns plant diversity consistent taxonomy, function phylogeny? (b) How have taxonomic, functional phylogenetic dimensions communities changed over past two decades? (c) Is magnitude these temporal trends dependent on elevation? Location Dovrefjell, central Norway. Methods The floristic composition four mountaintops, spread an gradient from tree line uppermost margins vascular life, was surveyed every 7 years between 2001 2022. Six metrics richness differentiation were calculated for each survey. Using data, assessed varied (across gradient) (between surveys). Results All decreased towards higher elevations, except which increased significantly by 7% per 100 m gain. Taxonomic remained virtually stable 2022, whereas 7.5% decade. Functional also increased, but mainly lowest mountaintop, 17% No significant in detected. Conclusions Our findings underpin rearrangements structure mountain decades that cannot be predicted taxonomic alone. This highlights necessity look beyond species consider when studying change impacts ecosystem functioning.

Язык: Английский

---