Abiotic Stress in Crop Production

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(7), С. 6603 - 6603

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

The vast majority of agricultural land undergoes abiotic stress that can significantly reduce yields. Understanding the mechanisms plant defenses against stresses and putting this knowledge into practice is, therefore, an integral part sustainable agriculture. In review, we focus on current findings in resistance to four cardinal stressors-drought, heat, salinity, low temperatures. Apart from description newly discovered signaling stress, review also focuses importance primary secondary metabolites, including carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolics, phytohormones. A meta-analysis transcriptomic studies concerning model Arabidopsis demonstrates long-observed phenomenon stressors induce different signals effects at level gene expression, but genes whose regulation is similar under most still be traced. analysis further reveals transcriptional modulation Golgi-targeted proteins response heat stress. Our highlights several are similarly regulated all conditions. These support central role phytohormones response, some these has not yet been studied. Finally, provides information about major European crop plants-wheat, sugar beet, maize, potatoes, barley, sunflowers, grapes, rapeseed, tomatoes, apples.

Язык: Английский

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Role of phytohormones in regulating cold stress tolerance: Physiological and molecular approaches for developing cold-smart crop plants

Plant Stress, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8, С. 100152 - 100152

Опубликована: Март 23, 2023

Global climate variations induce extreme temperatures and significantly decrease crop production, leading to food insecurity worldwide. Temperature extremes (mainly cold stress (CS): chilling 0–15 °C freezing <0 temperatures) limit plant growth development severely affect physiology biochemical molecular processes. Subsequently, plants execute numerous endogenous mechanisms, including phytohormone biosynthesis (i.e., abscisic acid, cytokinins, jasmonic salicylic gibberellic brassinosteroids, indole-3-acetic ethylene, strigolactones) tolerate stressful environments. Phytohormones are vital for managing diverse events associated with under CS as important signaling substances that dynamically arbitrate many physiological, biochemical, responses through a stress-responsive regulatory cascade. This review briefly appraises adaptation mechanisms then comprehensively reports on the crucial role of several phytohormones in adjusting response acclimation. We also discuss phytohormone-regulated genes controlling tolerance their genetic engineering combat species develop future CS-smart plants. The potential state-of-the-art omics approaches help identify phytohormone-induced novel genes, metabolites, metabolic pathways is discussed. In short, we conclude exogenous application phytohormones-regulated promising techniques developing cold-smart

Язык: Английский

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miRNAs for crop improvement

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 201, С. 107857 - 107857

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2023

Climate change significantly impacts crop production by inducing several abiotic and biotic stresses. The increasing world population, their food industrial demands require focused efforts to improve plants ensure sustainable production. Among various modern biotechnological tools, microRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the fascinating tools available for improvement. miRNAs belong a class small non-coding RNAs playing crucial roles in numerous biological processes. MiRNAs regulate gene expression post-transcriptional target mRNA degradation or translation repression. Plant have essential plant development stress tolerance. In this review, we provide propelling evidence from previous studies conducted around one-stop review progress made breeding stress-smart future plants. Specifically, summary reported genes improvement growth development, We also highlight miRNA-mediated engineering sequence-based technologies identification stress-responsive miRNAs.

Язык: Английский

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Trehalose: A sugar molecule involved in temperature stress management in plants

The Crop Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1), С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2023

Trehalose (Tre) is a non-reducing disaccharide found in many species, including bacteria, fungi, invertebrates, yeast, and even plants, where it acts as an osmoprotectant, energy source, or protein/membrane protector. Despite relatively small amounts Tre concentrations increase following exposure to abiotic stressors. Trehalose-6-phosphate, precursor of Tre, has regulatory functions sugar metabolism, crop production, stress tolerance. Among the various stresses, temperature extremes (heat cold stress) are anticipated impact production worldwide due ongoing climate changes. Applying can mitigate negative physiological, metabolic, molecular responses triggered by stress. also interacts with other sugars, osmoprotectants, amino acids, phytohormones regulate metabolic reprogramming that underpins adaptation. Transformed plants expressing Tre-synthesis genes accumulate show improved Genome-wide studies Tre-encoding suggest roles plant growth, development, This review discusses mitigating stress—highlighting genetic engineering approaches modify crosstalk, interactions molecules—and in-silico for identifying novel diverse species. We consider how this knowledge be used develop temperature-resilient crops essential sustainable agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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Temperature‐smart plants: A new horizon with omics‐driven plant breeding

Physiologia Plantarum, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 176(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract The adverse effects of mounting environmental challenges, including extreme temperatures, threaten the global food supply due to their impact on plant growth and productivity. Temperature extremes disrupt genetics, leading significant issues eventually damaging phenotypes. Plants have developed complex signaling networks respond tolerate temperature stimuli, genetic, physiological, biochemical, molecular adaptations. In recent decades, omics tools other strategies rapidly advanced, offering crucial insights a wealth information about how plants adapt stress. This review explores potential an integrated omics‐driven approach understanding temperatures. By leveraging cutting‐edge methods, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, miRNAomics, epigenomics, phenomics, ionomics, alongside power machine learning speed breeding data, we can revolutionize practices. These advanced techniques offer promising pathway developing climate‐proof varieties that withstand fluctuations, addressing increasing demand for high‐quality in face changing climate.

Язык: Английский

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Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(23), С. 3948 - 3948

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most significant staple foods worldwide. Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals are just a few many nutrients found in domesticated rice. Ensuring high constant rice production vital to facilitating human food supplies, as over three billion people around globe rely on their primary source dietary intake. However, world’s grain quality have drastically declined recent years due challenges posed by global climate change abiotic stress-related aspects, especially drought, heat, cold, salt, submergence, heavy metal toxicity. Rice’s reduced photosynthetic efficiency results from insufficient stomatal conductance natural damage thylakoids chloroplasts brought stressor-induced chlorosis leaf wilting. Abiotic stress farming can also cause complications with redox homeostasis, membrane peroxidation, lower seed germination, drop fresh dry weight, necrosis, tissue damage. Frequent movements, rolling, generation reactive oxygen radicals (RORs), antioxidant enzymes, induction stress-responsive enzymes protein-repair mechanisms, osmolytes, development ion transporters, detoxifications, etc., recorded potent morphological, biochemical physiological responses plants under adverse stress. To develop cultivars that withstand multiple challenges, it necessary understand molecular mechanisms contribute deterioration stresses. The present review highlights strategic defense adopt combat stressors substantially affect fundamental biochemical, mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Mineral accumulation, relative water content and gas exchange are the main physiological regulating mechanisms to cope with salt stress in barley

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Abstract Salinity has become a major environmental concern for agricultural lands, leading to decreased crop yields. Hence, plant biology experts aim genetically improve barley’s adaptation salinity stress by deeply studying the effects of salt and responses barley this stress. In context, our study aims explore variation in physiological biochemical five Tunisian spring genotypes during heading phase. Two treatments were induced using 100 mM NaCl (T1) 250 (T2) irrigation water. Significant phenotypic variations detected among response Plants exposed showed an important decline all studied parameters namely, gas exchange, ions concentration relative water content RWC. The observed decreases concentrations ranged from, approximately, 6.64% 40.76% K + , 5.91% 43.67% Na 14.12% 52.38% Ca 2+ 15.22% 38.48% Mg across different levels. However, under conditions, proline soluble sugars increased with average increase 1.6 times 1.4 concentration. Furthermore, MDA levels rose also genotypes, biggest rise Lemsi genotype (114.27% compared control). Ardhaoui Rihane higher photosynthetic activity other treatments. stepwise regression approach identified potassium content, /Na ratio, stomatal conductance SPAD measurement as predominant traits thousand kernel weight (R2 = 84.06), suggesting their significant role alleviating barley. Overall, at stage, accumulation irrigated soils saline significantly influences growth influencing exchange parameters, mineral composition genotype-dependent manner. These results will serve on elucidating genetic mechanisms underlying these facilitate targeted improvements barley's tolerance

Язык: Английский

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Assessment of climatic influences on net primary productivity along elevation gradients in temperate ecoregions

Trees Forests and People, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18, С. 100657 - 100657

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing drought, heat shock, and combined stress tolerance in Myrobalan 29C rootstocks with foliar application of potassium nitrate

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

Abstract Background Drought and heat stress are significant concerns to food security in arid semi-arid regions, where global warming is predicted increase both frequency severity. To cope with these challenges, the use of drought-tolerant plants or technological interventions essential. In this study, effects foliar potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) application on tolerance recovery Myrobalan 29C rootstocks ( Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.) were evaluated. These widely recognized for their adaptability extensively used fruit production. assess response, subjected drought, shock, a combination stressors. Additionally, they treated 1.0% KNO via application. Throughout periods, various morphological, physiological, bio-chemical parameters measured. Results Based our results, treatment improved LRWC, Chl stability, SC, key markers like proline, MDA, H 2 O , along antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, POD during phases. Moreover, results emphasized 's critical role hormone regulation under stress. significantly altered levels, notably increasing ABA drought shock stress, essential response adaptation. contrast, IAA, GA, cytokinin’s increased phase -treated plants, indicating growth recovery. addition, process by restoring physiological biochemical functions. Conclusion This study suggests that KNO3 an effective technique enhancing as well rootstocks. hold value farmers, policymakers, researchers, offer crucial insights into development crops management climate change’s adverse agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) resilience in pesticide-contaminated soil: Role of pesticide-tolerant Ciceribacter azotifigens and Serratia marcescens in root architecture, leaf gas exchange attributes and antioxidant response restoration

Chemosphere, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 361, С. 142487 - 142487

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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