The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease

Periodontology 2000, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 87(1), С. 107 - 131

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2021

Abstract States of oral health and disease reflect the compositional functional capacities of, as well interspecies interactions within, microbiota. The cavity exists a highly dynamic microbial environment that harbors many distinct substrata microenvironments house diverse communities. Specific to cavity, nonshedding dental surfaces facilitate development complex polymicrobial biofilm communities, characterized not only by microbes comprising them, but cumulatively their activities. Adding this complexity, faces near‐constant environmental challenges, including those from host diet, salivary flow, masticatory forces, introduction exogenous microbes. composition microbiome is shaped throughout life factors genetics, maternal transmission, factors, such dietary habits, hygiene practice, medications, systemic factors. This ecosystem presents opportunities for dysbiosis periodontal diseases. application both in vitro culture‐independent approaches has broadened mechanistic understandings communities within environmental, local, underpinnings influence dynamics microbiome. Here, we review present knowledge current understanding influences challenges upon system encourage homeostasis or provoke perturbation, thus contribute states disease.

Язык: Английский

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Oral health’s inextricable connection to systemic health: Special populations bring to bear multimodal relationships and factors connecting periodontal disease to systemic diseases and conditions

Periodontology 2000, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 87(1), С. 11 - 16

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2021

Abstract The landscape in dentistry is changing as emerging studies continue to reveal that periodontal health impacts systemic health, and vice versa. Population studies, clinical vitro animal underscore the critical importance of oral health. These inextricable relationships come forefront diseases, such disease, take root. Special populations bring bear multimodal between Specifically, disease has been associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, eating disorders, liver cardiovascular Alzheimer rheumatoid arthritis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, cancer. Although bidirectional are recognized, potential for multiple comorbidities, relationships, connections (multimodal relationships) also exists. Proposed mechanisms mediate this connection include predisposing precipitating factors, genetic factors (gene polymorphisms), environmental (stress, habits—such smoking high‐fat diets/consumption highly processed foods), medications, microbial dysbiosis bacteremias/viremias/microbemias, an altered host immune response. Thus, a susceptible host, these trigger onset disease/conditions. Further, high‐throughput sequencing technologies shedding light on dark matter comprises microbiome. This resulted better characterization dysbiosis, including putative bacterial periodontopathogens shifts virome composition during disease. Multiple laboratory have illustrated both eukaryotic prokaryotic viruses within subgingival plaque tissues affect inflammation, periodontopathogens, association herpesviruses periodontitis degree which directly aggravate tissue damage remain unclear, benefits found from prolonged administration antivirals immunocompromised or immunodeficient individuals demonstrates specific possibly more viral periodontopathogens. it may be important further examine implications pathogen involvement perhaps time embrace environment fully comprehend pathogenesis periodontitis. Emerging data coronavirus 2019 pandemic underscores high levels severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 angiotensin‐converting enzyme receptor noted (tongue) allostatic load overload paradigm chronic stress likely contributing rapid breakdown oral/dental, periodontal, peri‐implant tissues. associations exist framework viremias/bacteremias/microbemias, and/or disturbances system host. A thorough review diseases conditions their mechanistic, predisposing, paramount addressing needs our patients.

Язык: Английский

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Biomedical Applications of Titanium Alloys: A Comprehensive Review

Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(1), С. 114 - 114

Опубликована: Дек. 25, 2023

Titanium alloys have emerged as the most successful metallic material to ever be applied in field of biomedical engineering. This comprehensive review covers history titanium medicine, properties and its alloys, production technologies used produce implants, common uses for ranging from orthopedic implants dental prosthetics cardiovascular devices. At core this success lies combination machinability, mechanical strength, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance. unique useful traits has positioned an indispensable engineering applications, enabling safer, more durable, efficient treatments patients affected by various kinds pathologies. takes in-depth journey into inherent that define which them are advantageous use. It explores their techniques fabrication methodologies utilized machine final shape. The applications then categorized described detail, focusing on specific advantages present when compared other materials. not only captures current state art, but also future possibilities limitations field.

Язык: Английский

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A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(12), С. 2426 - 2426

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2022

Over the last few decades, studies on oral microbiome have increased awareness that balance between host and microbial species coexist in it is essential for health at all stages of life. However, this extremely difficult to maintain, many factors can disrupt it: general eating habits, sugar consumption, tobacco smoking, hygiene, use antibiotics other antimicrobials. It now known alterations microbiota are responsible developing promoting diseases, including periodontal disease. In context, diet an area further investigation as has been observed intake particular foods, such farmed animal meat, dairy products, refined vegetable oils, processed cereals, affects composition microbiota, leading representation acid-producing acid-tolerant organisms pathogens. little about influence creation a suitable microenvironment development The aim present study evaluate current knowledge role dysbiosis underlying

Язык: Английский

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Promising dawn in tumor microenvironment therapy: engineering oral bacteria

International Journal of Oral Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Март 13, 2024

Abstract Despite decades of research, cancer continues to be a major global health concern. The human mouth appears multiplicity local environments communicating with other organs and causing diseases via microbes. Nowadays, the role oral microbes in development progression has received increasing scrutiny. At same time, bioengineering technology nanotechnology is growing rapidly, which physiological activities natural bacteria are modified improve therapeutic efficiency cancers. These engineered were transformed achieve directed genetic reprogramming, selective functional reorganization precise control. In contrast endotoxins produced by typical genetically bacteria, flora exhibits favorable biosafety characteristics. To outline current cognitions upon microbes, cancers, related literatures searched reviewed based on PubMed database. We focused number mechanisms associated tumor microenvironment, involve occurrence development. Whether engineering can possible application therapy worth consideration. A deeper understanding relationship between may enhance our knowledge pathogenesis thus providing new insights strategies for prevention treatment.

Язык: Английский

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The oral–gut microbiome axis in health and disease

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(12), С. 791 - 805

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Periodontal diseases in Africa

Periodontology 2000, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2024

Abstract Periodontal diseases, a group of complex conditions marked by an excessive immune response and periodontal tissue destruction, are global health concern. Since 1990, the incidence these diseases has doubled, with Western sub‐Saharan Africa experiencing highest burden. Accurate diagnosis case identification crucial for understanding etiology, features disease, research, treatment prevention. Modern perspectives on disease classification based commonality among those affected. However, current literature is often plagued methodological inconsistencies focused mechanisms in European populations. Health inequalities low‐ middle‐income countries (LMICs) exacerbated challenges, Africa, Nigeria specifically, facing unique difficulties such as clinical personnel shortages limited research infrastructure. This review explored disparities care outcomes African We highlighted identified factors contributing to inequities outcomes. further demonstrated critical need inclusive equitable healthcare practices tailored challenges faced diverse populations regions resources. Addressing essential ensuring that advancements accessible all, thereby improving oral general health.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging polymeric materials for treatment of oral diseases: design strategy towards a unique oral environment

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 53(7), С. 3273 - 3301

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Oral diseases are prevalent but challenging owing to the highly movable and wet, microbial inflammatory environment. Polymeric materials regarded as one of most promising biomaterials due their good compatibility, facile preparation, flexible design obtain multifunctionality. Therefore, a variety strategies have been employed develop with improved therapeutic efficacy by overcoming physicobiological barriers in oral diseases. In this review, we summarize polymeric for treatment First, present unique environment including environment, which hinders effective Second, series designing towards such highlighted. For example, multifunctional armed wet-adhesive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory functions through advanced chemistry nanotechnology effectively treat These achieved wet-adhesive polymers modified hydroxy, amine, quinone, aldehyde groups provide strong wet-adhesion hydrogen covalent bonding, electrostatic hydrophobic interactions, developing antimicrobial cationic polymers, peptides, antibiotic-conjugated synthesizing phenolic hydroxy cysteine that function immunomodulators electron donors reactive oxygen species reduce inflammation. Third, various delivery systems enhanced mucosa biofilm penetration capabilities, nanoparticles, hydrogels, patches, microneedles, constructed antibiotics, immunomodulators, antioxidants achieve efficacy. Finally, insights into challenges future development promise clinical translation.

Язык: Английский

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Oral Microbiota, Its Equilibrium and Implications in the Pathophysiology of Human Diseases: A Systematic Review

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(8), С. 1803 - 1803

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2022

Imbalances of the oral microbiota and dysbiosis have traditionally been linked to occurrence teeth diseases. However, recent findings indicate that this exerts relevant influence in systemic health. Dysbiosis is implicated apparition progression cardiovascular, neurodegenerative other major human In fact, are second most diverse largely populated body its relationships with health, although widely explored, they still lack proper integration. The purpose systematic review thus examine implications oral, cardiovascular diseases offer integrative up-to-date interpretations. To achieve aim, we identified a total 121 studies curated PUBMED from time interval January 2003–April 2022, which after careful screening resulted 79 included. reviewed scientific literature provides plausible vias implication dysbiotic diseases, encourages further research continue elucidating highly poorly understood niche PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022299692. This follows PRISMA guidelines.

Язык: Английский

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Local and Systemic Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(2), С. 470 - 470

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2023

, a gram-negative anaerobe, is leading etiological agent in periodontitis. This infectious pathogen can induce dysbiotic, proinflammatory state within the oral cavity by disrupting commensal interactions between host and microbiota. It advantageous for

Язык: Английский

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