Fixation-related potentials during a virtual navigation task: The influence of image statistics on early cortical processing

Attention Perception & Psychophysics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Abstract Historically, electrophysiological correlates of scene processing have been studied with experiments using static stimuli presented for discrete timescales where participants maintain a fixed eye position. Gaps remain in generalizing these findings to real-world conditions movements are made select new visual information and the environment remains stable but changes our position orientation space, driving dynamic stimulation. Co-recording electroencephalography (EEG) is an approach leverage fixations as time-locking events EEG recording under free-viewing create fixation-related potentials (FRPs), providing neural snapshot which study naturalistic conditions. The current experiment aimed explore influence low-level image statistics—specifically, luminance metric spatial frequency (slope amplitude spectrum)—on early components evoked from fixation onsets search navigation task virtual environment. This research combines FRPs optimized remove ocular artifacts deconvolution modeling correct overlapping activity inherent any paradigm. results suggest that components—namely, lambda response N1—of sensitive around fixation, separate modulation due underlying differences eye-movement characteristics. Together, demonstrate utility studying statistics on control oculomotor covariates.

Язык: Английский

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Aging and word predictability during reading: Evidence from eye movements and fixation-related potentials

Attention Perception & Psychophysics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

Abstract The use of context to facilitate the processing words is recognized as a hallmark skilled reading. This capability also hypothesized change with older age because cognitive changes across lifespan. However, research investigating this issue using eye movements or event-related potentials (ERPs) has produced conflicting findings. Specifically, whereas eye-movement studies report larger effects for than younger adults, ERP findings suggest that are diminished delayed readers. Crucially, these contrary may reflect methodological differences, including unnatural sentence displays in research. To address limitations, we used coregistration technique record (EMs) and fixation-related (FRPs) simultaneously while 44 young adults (18–30 years) 30 (65+ read sentences containing target word was strongly weakly predicted by prior context. Eye-movement analyses were conducted over all data (full EM dataset) only matching FRPs. FRPs analysed capture early later components 70–900 ms following fixation-onset on words. Both datasets showed main group context, full dataset revealed adults. We argue that, methods limitations earlier research, our experiment provides compelling complementary evidence from rely more integrate during

Язык: Английский

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Parafoveal and foveal N400 effects in natural reading: A timeline of semantic processing from fixation‐related potentials

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(5)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

The depth at which parafoveal words are processed during reading is an ongoing topic of debate. Recent studies using RSVP-with-flanker paradigms have shown that implausible within sentences elicit N400 component while they still in vision, suggesting the semantics can be accessed to rapidly update sentence representation. To study this effect natural reading, we combined coregistration eye movements and EEG with deconvolution modeling fixation-related potentials (FRPs) test whether semantic plausibility parafoveally Chinese reading. For one target word per sentence, both its foveal were orthogonally manipulated boundary paradigm. Consistent previous movement studies, observed a delayed on fixation durations only emerged word. Crucially, FRPs aligned pretarget fixation, clear already based plausibility, more negative voltages for previews. Once participants fixated target, again plausibility. Interestingly, was absent whenever preview had been implausible, indicating when word's (im)plausibility information not revised anymore upon direct fixation. Implausible also elicited late positive (LPC), but exclusively vision. Our results provide convergent neural behavioral evidence uptake information, indicate different contributions versus toward higher level processing.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid visual form-based processing of (some) grammatical features in parallel reading: An EEG study in English

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024

Abstract Theories of language processing – and typical experimental methodologies emphasize word-by-word sentences. This paradigm is good for approximating speech or careful text reading, but arguably, not the common, cursory glances used while reading short sentences (e.g., cellphone notifications, social media posts). How much grammatical information can be gleaned from a single glance? In an electroencephalography (EEG) study, brain responses to ( dogs chase ball ) stimuli diverged scrambled counterparts ∼300ms post-sentence onset, non-lexical consonant strings thj rjxb zkhtb w lhct ∼220ms onset. demonstrates early recognition analysis linguistic stimuli. However, EEG do diverge between their with ungrammatical agreement chases ). Additionally, surprisal individual words affects signal at non-uniform time points, 250ms–600ms. We propose that, in glance, readers extract some sentence-level information, such as basic syntactic structure, then ‘fill in’ lexical details top-down fashion afterwards. analysis, however, detailed enough support detection formal errors. suggest this may due either minimal visual salience morphology English -s ), strategic ignoring semantically-inert features sake extracting semantic ‘gist.’

Язык: Английский

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Neural mechanism underlying preview effects and masked priming effects in visual word processing

Attention Perception & Psychophysics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

Abstract Two classic experimental paradigms – masked repetition priming and the boundary paradigm have played a pivotal role in understanding process of visual word recognition. Traditionally, these been employed by different communities researchers, with their own long-standing research traditions. Nevertheless, review literature suggests that brain-electric correlates processing established both may show interesting similarities, particular regard to location, timing, direction N1 N250 effects. However, as yet, no direct comparison has undertaken between two paradigms. In current study, we used combined eye-tracking/EEG perform such within-subject using same materials (single Chinese characters) stimuli. To facilitate comparisons, simplified version single paradigm. Our results typical early effects for (i.e., reduced negativity following identical-word primes/previews compared different-word primes/previews) were larger than priming. For effects, similar across paradigms, showing after repetitions alternations. Therefore, indicate at neural level, briefly presented foveal prime produces qualitatively facilitatory on recognition parafoveal preview before saccade, although appear be stronger latter case.

Язык: Английский

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Evaluating the timecourses of morpho-orthographic, lexical, and grammatical processing following rapid parallel visual presentation: An EEG investigation in English

Cognition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 257, С. 106080 - 106080

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Parallel Syntactic Processing in the Flankers Task: Insights From ERP Decoding

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 62(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The current paper reports the results of two ERP experiments that investigated extent to which syntactic information can be extracted from parafovea. We used reading version flankers task in participants had classify foveal target words as either being a noun or an adjective. In Experiment 1, targets were flanked by syntactically congruent incongruent (e.g., vs. adjective adjective), embedded sequence was grammatical ungrammatical verb adjective). 2 employed same stimuli latter condition, with now tasked judge word grammatically correct not. Results showed significant reduction N400 amplitude for both and conditions grammaticality when making sentence judgments 2. second experiment, could reliably decoded starting around 500 ms post‐stimulus onset. These indicate skilled readers extract process multiple short timeframe categories retrieved individual (i.e., parts‐of‐speech) are rapidly integrated into sentence‐level representation.

Язык: Английский

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Parallel and dynamic attention allocation during natural reading

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 27, 2025

Abstract During natural reading, attention constantly shifts across words, yet how linguistic properties (e.g., lexical frequency) impact the allocation of remains unclear. In this study, we co-registered MEG data and eye movements while participants read one-line sentences containing target words either low or high frequency. Using rapid invisible frequency tagging (RIFT), simultaneously tracked to post-target by flickering them at different frequencies. First, provide neural evidence that was allocated both foveal parafoveal words. Second, found an early effect, whereby lower targets demanded more prior fixation, and, additionally, a load effect reduced amount post-targets. Furthermore, flexibility in between processing correlated with individual reading speed. These results suggest is distributed multiple flexibly adjusted during reading.

Язык: Английский

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Altered Eye Movements During Reading With Simulated Central and Peripheral Visual Field Defects

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 64(13), С. 21 - 21

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2023

Purpose: Although foveal vision provides fine spatial information, parafoveal and peripheral are also known to be important for efficient reading behaviors. Here we systematically investigate how different types sizes of visual field defects affect the way information is acquired via eye movements during reading. Methods: Using gaze-contingent displays, simulated scotomas were induced in 24 adults with normal or corrected-to-normal a task. The study design included central varying (aperture scotoma size 2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, 10°) no-scotoma conditions. Eye (e.g., forward/backward saccades, fixations, microsaccades) plotted as function either aperture size, their relationships characterized by best fitting model. Results: When decreased below 6° (11 visible letters), there significant decreases saccade amplitude velocity, well substantial increases fixation duration number fixations. Its dependency on an exponential decay growth log-linear coordinates. However, duration, forward/regressive saccades increased more less linearly increasing Conclusions: Our results showed differential impacts loss behaviors while lending further support importance These apparently deviated oculomotor may part reflect optimal strategies compensate information.

Язык: Английский

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Parafoveal words can modulate sentence meaning: Electrophysiological evidence from an RSVP‐with‐flanker task

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 59(9)

Опубликована: Май 5, 2022

During natural reading, readers can take up some visual information from not-yet-fixated words to the right of current fixation and it is well-established that this parafoveal preview facilitates subsequent foveal processing word. However, extraction integration word meaning their possible influence on semantic content sentence are controversial. In study, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in RSVP-with-flankers paradigm test whether how updates sentential meaning, based only information, may processing. Chinese sentences, congruency target with was orthogonally manipulated. contrast previous research, also controlled for potentially confounding effects parafoveal-to-foveal repetition priming (identity effects) N400. Crucially, found classic effect N400 component appeared when had been congruent meaning; contrast, there no as a function incongruency incongruent. These results indicate rapidly adapts preview, altering context subsequently fixated We show correct generally attenuates once fixated, regardless congruency. Taken together, our findings underline highly generative adaptive framework language comprehension.

Язык: Английский

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