Seaweeds and microalgae: an overview for unlocking their potential in global aquaculture development

FAO eBooks, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2021

The designations

Язык: Английский

---

Towards achieving circularity and sustainability in feeds for farmed blue foods

Reviews in Aquaculture, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(3), С. 1115 - 1141

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2022

Abstract The aims of this review are to describe the role ‘blue‐food production’ (animals, plants and algae harvested from freshwater marine environments) within a circular bioeconomy, discuss how such framework can help sustainability resilience aquaculture summarise key examples novel nutrient sources that emerging in field fed‐aquaculture species. Aquaculture now provides >50% global seafood supply, share is expected increase at least 60% next decade. an important tool for reducing resource consumption protein production increasing climate change other disruptions (i.e. pandemics, geo‐political instability). Importantly, blue foods also provide essential nutrition growing human population. Blue helping goal ‘zero hunger’ (United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 2) while dependency on finite natural resources but further refinement new solutions needed make industry more ‘circular’ sustainable, particularly with respect sourcing raw materials aquafeeds. This describes feed available or may be created bioeconomy framework, their ultimately, these contribute de‐risking establishing resilient chain.

Язык: Английский

---

Carbon removal and climate change mitigation by seaweed farming: A state of knowledge review

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 918, С. 170525 - 170525

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

The pressing need to mitigate the effects of climate change is driving development novel approaches for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from atmosphere, with ocean playing a central role in portfolio solutions. expansion seaweed farming increasingly considered as one potential CDR avenues among government and private sectors. Yet, comprehensive assessments examining whether can lead tangible mitigation remain limited. Here we examine results over 100 publications synthesize evidence regarding capacity farms review different interventions through which an may contribute mitigation. We find that presently, majority fixed by seaweeds stored short-term reservoirs (e.g., products) only minority ends up long-term are likely fit within existing international accounting frameworks marine sediments). Additionally, tiny global area cultivated date (0.06 % estimated wild extent) limits present mid-term future. A first-order estimate using best available data suggests that, at present, even low emissions scenario, any provided globally be offset their (median balance net emitter: -0.11 Tg C yr

Язык: Английский

---

Planning and licensing for marine aquaculture

Reviews in Aquaculture, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(4), С. 1374 - 1404

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Marine aquaculture has the potential to increase its contribution global food system and provide valuable ecosystem services, but appropriate planning, licensing regulation systems must be in place enable sustainable development. At present, approaches vary considerably throughout world, several national regional investigations have highlighted need for reforms if marine is fulfil potential. This article aims map evaluate challenges of planning growth aquaculture. Despite range species, production circumstances, this study found a number common themes literature; complicated fragmented licensing, property rights licence operate, competition space spatial emerging species diversifying (seaweed production, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture [IMTA], nutrient carbon offsetting with aquaculture, offshore co-location multiuse platforms), address knowledge gaps use decision-support tools. Planning can highly complicated, so UK used as case show more detailed examples that highlight uncertainty industry, regulators policymakers face across interacting jurisdictions. There are many complexities, shows countries undergone, or undergoing, similar challenges, suggesting lessons learned by sharing experiences, even different systems, rather than having insular focus.

Язык: Английский

---

‘Aquafeed 3.0’: creating a more resilient aquaculture industry with a circular bioeconomy framework

Reviews in Aquaculture, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(3), С. 1156 - 1158

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2021

As aquaculture continues to grow, so does the requirement for environmentally sustainable and cost-effective aquafeed. With an expected increase in aquafeed demand, it is important (now more than ever) investigate utilize new ingredients that do not deplete natural resources and, instead, may have positive impacts help control climate change. Aquaculture has become largest consumer of global fishmeal (FM) fish oil (FO) production, accounting 68% 89%, respectively (Hua et al. 2019). At same time, most modern are now predominantly composed terrestrial plant materials animal by-products [in this issue, you can find a fascinating article describing how evolved consequent call rethinking trophic levels policies (Cottrell 2021)]. This puts heavy reliance on agriculture products, which their own sustainability issues, such as freshwater use, deforestation, areal footprint, pesticide fertilizer irrigation polluting runoff. Furthermore, use crops directly compete with human food streams. Besides, many present certain nutritional challenges farmed aquatic species. Climate change exacerbate situation, hampering ability produce consistently, extreme increasingly unpredictable conditions, jeopardizing long-term marine products harvesting. The supply, cost, environmental social acceptability raw under threat. direct consequences aquafeed, snowball effect, economic viability, license operate significant. result, industry must develop innovative practices involve conservation, restoration and/or remediation. presents opportunities next-generation protein lipid sources will be resilient consistent, our changing seemingly unstable world. One opportunity production created through circular bioeconomy. encompasses renewable biological converting these waste streams into value-added food, feed, bio-based bioenergy. It all about valorization – keeping value biomass cascading. extensive organic from agriculture, forestry, fisheries, feed processing should integrated circular, bioeconomy strategy. also creates link very different industries, unique strength concept. allows greater diversification resilience, ultimate goal using achieve balance ecological conservation. Of course, demands innovations, technologies, knowledge-based processes applications, well cultural shift. Efforts towards climate- ecology-positive economy mean moving further away traditional wild-harvested FM FO agricultural crops, shifting produced potential result locally sourced ingredients, reduce transport-related greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions costs, fuel local economies, create jobs overall socially accepted sustainable. From infancy, evolution being mostly FO-based, primarily terrestrial-based, current could termed 'Aquafeed 2.0', occurred rapidly; essentially within last 20 years 2021). time conceive, plan 3.0'. We envisage Aquafeed 3.0 bioeconomy, improve aquaculture's by reducing its footprint terms water land CO2 conversion, GHG emissions, nutrient recycling wastewater based nutritionally superior closer diet carnivorous species currently used. There already several examples frameworks, insects, microbial single-celled organisms, seaweeds fishery by-products. Moreover, we like think others just waiting discovered. Single-celled microalgae, yeasts, bacteria fungal protists, media derived other industrial [For example, exciting comprehensive report promising microalga suitable large-scale Tetradesmus obliquus (from background taxonomical morphological information harvesting methods, biochemical composition applications), available (Oliveira Some organisms cultivated seawater non-arable land, land-based enclosed photobioreactor systems. They cellulosic sugars by-products, those resulting pulp paper industry. Others remediate wastewaters utilizing up 90% nitrate, sulphate phosphate convert them useful rich lipid, carbohydrate. organism (e.g. meals oils) superior, improvable, modifiable tailorable, profiles compared used mainly containing high essential n − 3 LC-PUFA amino acids. Many studies evaluated dietary inclusion various proteins oils shown results (Tibbetts 2018). Similarly, cultured macroalgae (seaweeds) as, after appropriate biorefinery processes, novel or functional effects gut health improving innate immunity resistance stress pathogens (Thépot 2021) mitigate eutrophication [On topic, remarkable some critical kelp China, world's cultivation sector, available. Specifically, review describes sector suffering declining germplasm diversity, degradation agronomic traits, presence polluted environments, ocean conditions increasing anthropological interference, then concluding series proposed strategies tackle (Hu Another example insects meals, relatively good profile, feasibility commercial-scale conversion non-competition production. Successful insect meal partial total replacement been documented species, often improved performance status when replace soybean Insect consume less feedstocks grow come waste. such, provides perfect nutritious ingredients. Finally, innovations achieving better efficient circularity seafood recovering offer substantial promises high-value nutrients recovery. After processing, 50–70% deemed 'inedible', considered practical solution wild-caught FO. Currently, 20% supplied 10% However, projected rapidly represents enormous volume move paradigm where carbon lower environment equal profitability. approach allow revolution, hereto naming Using level analogy, described issue Cottrell (2021), say years, shifted far omnivorous. evolve scavengers, any healthy ecosystem, but missing system, aquaculture, face climate, constantly turbulent economies evolving dynamics expectations, all. hope articles Reviews scientific published Journals contribute evolution.

Язык: Английский

---

A pathway to improve seaweed aquaculture through microbiota manipulation

Trends in biotechnology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 41(4), С. 545 - 556

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Quantifying baseline costs and cataloging potential optimization strategies for kelp aquaculture carbon dioxide removal

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2022

To keep global surface warming below 1.5°C by 2100, the portfolio of cost-effective CDR technologies must expand. evaluate potential macroalgae CDR, we developed a kelp aquaculture bio-techno-economic model in which large quantities would be farmed at an offshore site, transported to deep water “sink site”, and then deposited sequestration horizon (1,000 m). We estimated costs associated emissions nursery production, permitting, farm construction, ocean cultivation, biomass transport, Monitoring, Reporting, Verification (MRV) for 1,000 acre (405 ha) “baseline” project located Gulf Maine, USA. The baseline applies current systems cultivation (100 m) exposed sites using best available modeling methods. calculated levelized unit CO 2 eq (LCOC; $ tCO -1 ). Under assumptions, LCOC was $17,048 . Despite annually sequestering 628 within sink only able net 244 C credits (tCO eq) each year, true “additionality” rate (AR) 39% (i.e., ratio produced gross sequestered biomass). As result optimizing 18 key parameters identified range literature, fell $1,257 AR increased 91%, demonstrating that substantial cost reductions could achieved through process improvement decarbonization production supply chains. Kelp may limited high energy intensive operations, as well MRV uncertainty. resolve these challenges, R&D (1) de-risk designs maximize lease space, (2) automate seeding harvest processes, (3) leverage selective breeding increase yields, (4) assess cost-benefit gametophyte culture both platform driver operating reductions, (5) decarbonize equipment chains, usage, sourcing electricity from renewables employing low GHG impact materials with long lifespans, (6) develop low-cost accurate techniques ocean-based CDR.

Язык: Английский

---

Application of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing by microinjection of gametophytes of Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)

Journal of Applied Phycology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(3), С. 1431 - 1441

Опубликована: Март 27, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Ecological risks associated with seaweed cultivation and identifying risk minimization approaches

Algal Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 69, С. 102967 - 102967

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Carbon sink potential and environmental benefits of seaweed: A case study of the seaweed cultivation industry on China coast

Aquaculture, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 572, С. 739494 - 739494

Опубликована: Март 29, 2023

Язык: Английский

---