Environmental Research Letters,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
15(7), С. 074045 - 074045
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2020
Abstract
Successful
restoration
of
coral
reefs
depends
on
the
survival
outplanted
species.
Research
shows
that
outplanting
is
mixed,
with
outplants
often
experiencing
rapid
mortality
in
response
to
various
stressors.
We
used
published
results
outplant
monitoring
investigate
role
sea
surface
temperature
rates
corals.
find
maximum
experienced
at
an
site
very
important
determining
survival,
∼50%
occurring
if
temperatures
reach
30.5
°C.
Some
genera,
however,
are
more
tolerant
than
others.
Outplant
increases
when
sites
experience
greater
variability
temperature,
where
exposed
both
warmer
and
cooler
long-term
mean.
Similar
were
found
considering
conditions
year
prior
outplanting.
Thus,
data
can
be
as
a
tool
assess
whether
appropriate,
chosen
increase
survival.
PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
15(10), С. e0240846 - e0240846
Опубликована: Окт. 27, 2020
Coral
reef
ecosystems
are
under
increasing
pressure
from
local
and
regional
stressors
a
changing
climate.
Current
management
focuses
on
reducing
to
allow
for
natural
recovery,
but
in
many
areas
where
coral
reefs
damaged,
recovery
can
be
restricted,
delayed
or
interrupted
because
of
unstable,
unconsolidated
fragments,
rubble.
Rubble
fields
component
reefs,
repeated
high-magnitude
disturbances
prevent
cementation
consolidation
processes,
so
that
recruits
fail
survive.
A
suite
interventions
have
been
used
target
this
issue
globally,
such
as
using
mesh
stabilise
rubble,
removing
the
rubble
reveal
hard
substrate
deploying
rocks
other
substrates
over
facilitate
recruit
survival.
Small,
modular
structures
at
multiple
scales,
with
without
attached
create
structural
complexity
settlement
surfaces.
However,
these
introduce
foreign
materials
reef,
limited
understanding
processes
exists
potential
type
active
intervention
successfully
restore
structure.
This
review
synthesises
available
knowledge
about
ecological
role
recolonisation
rates
benefits
risks
associated
rapidly
evolving
field.
Fundamental
gaps
include
baseline
levels
habitats
space
time,
each
method.
Any
restoration
needs
underpinned
by
risk
assessment,
decision
repair
must
arise
an
when
lack
structure
impair
function.
Monitoring
is
necessary
ascertain
success
failure
impacts
risks,
there
strong
need
specify
desired
outcomes,
spatial
temporal
context
indicators
measured.
With
focus
Great
Barrier
Reef,
we
synthesise
techniques,
successes
failures
stabilisation
use
small
structures,
monitoring
methods
indicators,
provide
recommendations
ensure
learn
past
projects.
Marine Policy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
137, С. 104940 - 104940
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022
Indonesia’s
coral
reefs
have
been
severely
damaged
by
global
and
local
stressors,
a
range
of
active
restoration
techniques
are
now
being
used
in
attempts
to
rebuild
degraded
reefs.
However,
it
is
difficult
summarise
efforts
as
whole
due
lack
consistent
reporting.
Here,
we
first
discuss
Indonesia's
legal
policy
framework
concerning
reef
restoration;
this
included
the
agenda
two
government
ministries
(Marine
Affairs
Fisheries,
Environment
Forestry),
comprises
national
laws
governmental,
presidential
ministerial
regulations.
We
then
provide
an
extensive
review
projects
Indonesia,
documenting
533
records
across
country
between
1990
2020.
Most
(73%)
these
come
from
past
ten
years,
many
(42%)
reported
online
news
articles
rather
than
scientific
reports
or
papers.
This
identified
120,483
units
artificial
installed
along
with
53,640
transplantation
(including
both
nurseries
direct
out-planting
onto
reefs);
total,
965,992
fragments
hard
planted
Indonesia.
The
most
favoured
materials
concrete
(46%)
steel
structures
(24%).
Projects
organised
diverse
NGO,
private
community-led
organisations.
demonstrates
that
has
encouraged
practitioners
implement
restoration,
but
often
not
coordinated
wider
networks
scientists,
only
16%
post-installation
monitoring
framework.
Incorporating
clear
objectives
long-term
programmes
project
planning
stages,
while
prioritising
knowledge
exchange
engagement
international
community,
will
substantially
improve
outcomes
allow
fulfil
its
considerable
potential
leader
rebuilding
Limnology and Oceanography,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
68(1), С. 110 - 147
Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2022
Abstract
With
rubble
predicted
to
increase
on
coral
reefs
worldwide,
we
review
the
physical,
biological,
and
ecological
dynamics
of
beds,
with
a
focus
how
generation,
mobilization,
binding,
recruitment
is
expected
change
future
reefs.
Major
disturbances,
including
storms
bleaching,
are
in
intensity
frequency,
and—like
localized
impacts
blast
fishing
ship
groundings—generate
large
quantities
rubble.
Reefs
will
have
increasingly
smaller
recovery
windows
between
successive
leading
persistence
unstable
beds
more
severe
increased
bioerosion
reefs,
mobilization
thresholds
be
met
often
as
smaller,
less
complex
pieces
generated.
If
remains
stable
for
adequate
time,
it
can
bound
by
organisms
sponges
coralline
algae,
eventually
cemented.
However,
increasing
frequencies
reduce
time
available
while
changing
ocean
chemistry
could
efficacy
calcifying
binders.
Ultimately,
cover
negatively
impact
into
beds.
Rubble
abrades
smothers
corals,
typically
experience
altered
environmental
conditions
frameworks
that
precede
them.
Several
knowledge
gaps
exist
relation
improved
thresholds,
binding
rates
strengths,
survival
varying
bed
types
hydrodynamic
regimes.
Addressing
these
improve
our
ability
predict
trajectory
assess
need
stabilization
interventions.
