Coral restoration – A systematic review of current methods, successes, failures and future directions

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 15(1), С. e0226631 - e0226631

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2020

Coral reef ecosystems have suffered an unprecedented loss of habitat-forming hard corals in recent decades. While marine conservation has historically focused on passive habitat protection, demand for and interest active restoration been growing However, a disconnect between coral practitioners, managers scientists resulted disjointed field where it is difficult to gain overview existing knowledge. To address this, we aimed synthesise the available knowledge comprehensive global review methods, incorporating data from peer-reviewed scientific literature, complemented with grey literature through survey practitioners. We found that case studies are dominated by short-term projects, 60% all projects reporting less than 18 months monitoring restored sites. Similarly, most relatively small spatial scale, median size area 100 m2. A diverse range species represented dataset, 229 different 72 genera. Overall, primarily fast-growing branching (59% studies), report survival 60 70%. date, young plagued similar 'growing pains' as ecological other ecosystems. These include 1) lack clear achievable objectives, 2) appropriate standardised and, 3) poorly designed relation stated objectives. Mitigating these will be crucial successfully scale up retain public trust tool resilience based management. Finally, while practitioners developed effective methods grow at scales, critical not view replacement meaningful action climate change.

Язык: Английский

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Bright Spots in Coastal Marine Ecosystem Restoration

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 30(24), С. R1500 - R1510

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Global kelp forest restoration: past lessons, present status, and future directions

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 97(4), С. 1449 - 1475

Опубликована: Март 7, 2022

Kelp forest ecosystems and their associated ecosystem services are declining around the world. In response, marine managers working to restore counteract these declines. restoration first started in 1700s Japan since then has spread across globe. Restoration efforts, however, have been largely disconnected, with varying methodologies trialled by different actors countries. Moreover, a small subset of efforts 'afforestation', which focuses on creating new kelp habitat, as opposed restoring where it previously existed. To distil lessons learned over last 300 years restoration, we review history (including afforestation) world synthesise results 259 documented attempts spanning from 1957 2020, 16 countries, five languages, multiple user groups. Our show that projects increased frequency, employed 10 targeted 17 genera. Of projects, majority led academics (62%), conducted at sizes less than 1 ha (80%) took place time spans 2 years. We most successful when they located near existing forests. Further, disturbance events such sea-urchin grazing identified regular causes project failure. Costs for historically high, averaging hundreds thousands dollars per hectare, therefore explore avenues reduce costs suggest financial legal pathways scaling up future efforts. One key suggestion is creation living database serves platform recording showcasing and/or re-analysing data, providing updated information. work establishes groundwork provide adaptive relevant recommendations best practices today into future.

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of artificial reefs as platforms for coral reef research and conservation

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(1), С. e0261964 - e0261964

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2022

Artificial reefs (ARs) have been used on coral for ecological research, conservation, and socio-cultural purposes since the 1980s. We examined spatio-temporal patterns in AR deployment tropical subtropical (up to 35° latitude) evaluated their efficacy meeting conservation objectives, using a systematic review of scientific literature. Most deployments (136 studies) were North Atlantic Central Indo-Pacific 1980s – 2000s, with pronounced shift Western 2010s. Use ARs reef restoration or stressor mitigation increased markedly response accelerating decline over last 2 decades. Studies that success objectives (n = 51) commonly reported increasing fish abundance (55%), enhancing habitat quantity (31%) cover (27%), conserving target species (24%). Other included (22%), provision nursery (14%) source populations (2%) addressing economic values (16%). Fish (55% (53%) most monitored taxa. Success achieving was 33 studies. rates highest (each 71%). Increasing quantity, mitigating environmental impacts, attaining moderately successful (60–64%); least (42%). Failure attributed poor design disruption by large-scale bleaching events. The scale generally too small (m –10s m ) address regional losses cover, study duration short (< 5 years) adequately assess ecologically relevant trends community composition. are mostly likely aid providing recruitment substrate corals other organisms. Promoting local also has potential global impact awareness decline, if prioritized properly monitored.

Язык: Английский

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Principles for coral reef restoration in the anthropocene

One Earth, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(6), С. 656 - 665

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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New global area estimates for coral reefs from high-resolution mapping

Cell Reports Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(2), С. 100015 - 100015

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Coral reefs underpin the environmental, social, and economic fabrics of much world's tropical coast. Yet, fine-scale distribution composition coral have never been reported consistently across planet. Here, we present new area estimates enabled by global geomorphic zone benthic substrate maps at 5 m pixel resolution. We revise reef to 348,361 km2 shallow 80,213 (46,237–106,319 km2, 95% confidence interval) habitat. The mapping used more than 1.5 million training samples supported 480+ data contributions deploy a classification over 100 trillion pixels from Sentinel-2 satellites Planet Dove CubeSat constellation. publicly available are accessible via Allen Atlas Google Earth Engine already being thousands people improve conservation, management, research ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Restoration as a meaningful aid to ecological recovery of coral reefs

npj Ocean Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Restoration supports the recovery of ecological attributes such as cover, complexity, and diversity to slow areal decline natural ecosystems. activity is intensifying worldwide combat persistent stressors that are driving global declines extent resilience coral reefs. However, restoration disputed a meaningful aid reef recovery, often an expensive distraction addressing root causes loss. We contend this dispute partly stems from inferences drawn small-scale experimental outcomes amplified by misconceptions around cost-based reasoning. Alongside aggressive emissions reductions, we advocate urgent investment in ecosystem part management toolbox destruction reefs know them within decades.

Язык: Английский

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New Technologies for Monitoring and Upscaling Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Deep-Sea Environments

Engineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34, С. 195 - 211

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024

The United Nations (UN)'s call for a decade of "ecosystem restoration" was prompted by the need to address extensive impact anthropogenic activities on natural ecosystems. Marine ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due increasing habitat loss in deep waters (> 200 m depth). At these depths, which are far beyond those accessible divers, only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), autonomous underwater (AUVs), landers, crawlers can operate through manipulators their multiparametric sensor technologies (e.g., optoacoustic imaging, omics, environmental probes). use advanced deep-sea provide: ① high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging acoustic mapping substrates key taxa; ② physical manipulation ③ real-time supervision remote operations long-term ecological monitoring; ④ potential work autonomously. Here, we describe how with situ capabilities payloads innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active monitoring across large spatial scales. We expect that devices will be particularly useful habitats, reef-building cold-water corals, soft-bottom bamboo fishery resources have already been damaged offshore industries (i.e., fishing oil/gas).

Язык: Английский

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Hybrid coral reef restoration can be a cost-effective nature-based solution to provide protection to vulnerable coastal populations

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Coral reefs can mitigate flood damages by providing protection to tropical coastal communities whose populations are dense, growing fast, and have predominantly lower-middle income. This study provides the first fine-scale, regionally modeled valuations of how risk reductions associated with hybrid coral reef restoration could benefit people, property, economic activity along Florida Puerto Rico’s 1005 kilometers reef-lined coasts. Restoration up 20% regions’ provide reduction benefits greater than costs. Reef habitats greatest shallow, nearshore, fronting low-lying, vulnerable communities, which often where impacts loss greatest. Minorities, children, elderly, those below poverty line receive more double hazard overall population, demonstrating that as a nature-based solution positive returns on investment economically socially most people.

Язык: Английский

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Advancing Coral Reef Governance into the Anthropocene

One Earth, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2(1), С. 64 - 74

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

The unprecedented global heatwave of 2014–2017 was a defining event for many ecosystems. Widespread degradation caused by coral bleaching, example, highlighted the vulnerability hundreds millions people dependent on reefs their livelihoods, well-being, and food security. Scientists policy makers are now reassessing long-held assumptions about coping with anthropogenic climate change, particularly assumption that strong local institutions can maintain ecological social resilience through ecosystem-based management, adaptation, restoration. Governance is struggling to address new normal as ecosystem assemblages transform novel configurations. A central challenge in Anthropocene navigating environmental crises societal insecurity change. Ecosystem governance needs paradigm embrace rapid change shape future trajectories. In this Perspective, we focus vanguards transformation. We explain spatial, temporal, political dynamics they respond outline applicable all

Язык: Английский

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