SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy

Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 612(7941), С. 758 - 763

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2022

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence throughout the human body and brain

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2021

Abstract COVID-19 is known to cause multi-organ dysfunction 1-3 in acute infection, with prolonged symptoms experienced by some patients, termed Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) 4-5 . However, the burden infection outside respiratory tract and time viral clearance not well characterized, particularly brain 3,6-14 We performed complete autopsies on 44 patients map quantify distribution, replication, cell-type specificity across human body, including brain, from through over seven months following symptom onset. show that widely distributed, even among who died asymptomatic mild COVID-19, virus replication present multiple extrapulmonary tissues early infection. Further, we detected RNA anatomic sites, regions throughout for up 230 days Despite extensive distribution observed a paucity inflammation or direct cytopathology lungs. Our data prove causes systemic can persist body months.

Язык: Английский

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Structural and non-structural proteins in SARS-CoV-2: potential aspects to COVID-19 treatment or prevention of progression of related diseases

Cell Communication and Signaling, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Май 15, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new member of the Coronaviridae family known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are structural and non-structural proteins (NSPs) in genome this virus. S, M, H, E proteins, NSPs include accessory replicase proteins. The NSP components SARS-CoV-2 play an important role its infectivity, some them may be pathogenesis chronic diseases, including cancer, coagulation disorders, neurodegenerative cardiovascular diseases. interact with targets such angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor. In addition, can stimulate pathological intracellular signaling pathways triggering transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), CD147, Eph receptors, which roles progression diseases like Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cancers glioblastoma, lung malignancies, leukemias. Several compounds polyphenols, doxazosin, baricitinib, ruxolitinib could inhibit these interactions. It has been demonstrated that spike protein stronger affinity for human ACE2 than SARS-CoV, leading current study to hypothesize newly produced variant Omicron receptor-binding domain (RBD) binds more strongly primary strain. SARS Middle East (MERS) viruses against have become resistant previous vaccines. Therefore, review recent studies performance vaccines their effects on COVID-19 related vital need deal conditions. This examines potential initiation it anticipated serve effective vaccine or treatment Video Abstract.

Язык: Английский

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Pathophysiology of infection with SARS‐CoV‐2—What is known and what remains a mystery

Respirology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 26(7), С. 652 - 665

Опубликована: Май 26, 2021

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has extensive disruption and mortality since its recent emergence. Concomitantly, there been a race to understand the virus pathophysiology. The clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 are manifold not restricted tract. Extrapulmonary involving gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary system, cardiovascular renal systems have widely reported. However, pathophysiology many these is controversial with questionable support for direct viral invasion an abundance alternative explanations such as pre‐existing medical conditions critical illness. Prior research on SARS‐Co‐V NL63 was rapidly leveraged identify angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor key cell surface SARS‐CoV‐2. distribution ACE2 used starting point estimating vulnerability various tissue types SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Sophisticated organoid animal models demonstrate infectivity extrapulmonary tissues in vitro, but relevance findings remains uncertain. Clinical autopsy studies typically small inevitably biased towards patients prolonged hospitalization. Technical issues delay between time death autopsy, use inappropriate antibodies paraffin‐embedded sections misinterpretation cellular structures particles electron micrograph images additional problems encountered extant literature. Given that likely circulate permanently human populations, no doubt further work required clarify pathobiology COVID‐19.

Язык: Английский

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Importance of Magnesium Status in COVID-19

Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(5), С. 735 - 735

Опубликована: Май 18, 2023

A large amount of published research points to the interesting concept (hypothesis) that magnesium (Mg) status may have relevance for outcome COVID-19 and Mg could be protective during COVID disease course. As an essential element, plays basic biochemical, cellular, physiological roles required cardiovascular, immunological, respiratory, neurological functions. Both low serum dietary been associated with severity outcomes, including mortality; both are also risk factors such as older age, obesity, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, cardiovascular hypertension, asthma. In addition, populations high rates mortality hospitalization tend consume diets in modern processed foods, which generally Mg. this review, we review describe consider possible impact on showing (1) between 2.19 2.26 mg/dL intakes > 329 mg/day course (2) inhaled improve oxygenation hypoxic patients. spite promise, oral has thus far studied only combination other nutrients. deficiency is involved occurrence aggravation neuropsychiatric complications COVID-19, memory loss, cognition, loss taste smell, ataxia, confusion, dizziness, headache. Potential zinc and/or useful increasing drug therapy effectiveness or reducing adverse effect anti-COVID-19 drugs reviewed. Oral trials patients warranted.

Язык: Английский

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On the Critical Role of Human Feces and Public Toilets in the Transmission of COVID-19: Evidence from China

Sustainable Cities and Society, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 75, С. 103350 - 103350

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Complications Post-COVID-19 and Risk Factors among Patients after Six Months of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

Epidemiologia, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(1), С. 49 - 67

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

In October 2020, we conducted a population-based prospective cohort study to determine post-COVID-19 complications, recovery, return usual health, and associated risk factors in 536 cases of COVID-19 outbreak Borriana (Spain) by administering an epidemiological questionnaire via phone interviews. A total 484 patients participated (90.3%), age mean 37.2 ± 17.1 years, 301 females (62.2%). Mild illness was the most common manifestation. After six months, 160 (33.1%) suffered at least one complication post-COVID-19, 47 (29.4%) them sought medical assistance. The frequent persistent symptoms were hair loss, fatigue, loss smell or taste, headache. Risk with female sex (adjusted relative risk, [aRR] = 1.93 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–2.65), 35 years above (aRR 1.50 CI 1.14–1.99), B blood group 1.51 1.04–2.16), current smoker (RR 1.61 1.02–2.54), exposure 2.13 1.11–4.09). Male sex, younger than low exposures better recovery health. third presented compatible long-COVID-19 syndrome. conclusion, active follow-up must be implemented.

Язык: Английский

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Changes in SARS-CoV-2 viral load and titers over time in SARS-CoV-2-infected human corpses

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(3), С. e0287068 - e0287068

Опубликована: Март 27, 2024

High viral titers of infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been detected in human corpses long after death. However, little is known about the kinetics SARS-CoV-2 corpses. In this case series study, we investigated postmortem by collecting nasopharyngeal swab samples at multiple time points from six SARS-CoV-2-infected patients their RNA was quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction collected all deceased patients. A culture showed presence virus one patient up to 12 days Notably, had a shorter symptom onset death than other patients, and autopsy pathological findings consistent with replication upper tract. Therefore, died during shedding phase, amount corpse did not decrease over date (12 death). The study indicate that persistence can vary among individuals may be associated stage disease These important results complement many previously reported on infectivity postmortem.

Язык: Английский

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Visualization of Early RNA Replication Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 by Using Single Molecule RNA-FISH Combined with Immunofluorescence

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(2), С. 262 - 262

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2024

SARS-CoV-2 infection remains a global burden. Despite intensive research, the mechanism and dynamics of early viral replication are not completely understood, such as kinetics formation genomic RNA (gRNA), sub-genomic (sgRNA), centers/organelles (ROs). We employed single-molecule RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (smRNA-FISH) to simultaneously detect gRNA sgRNA immunofluorescence nsp3 protein, marker for RO, carried out time-course analysis. found that single molecules visible within cytoplasm at 30 min post (p.i.). Starting from 2 h p.i., most existed clusters/speckles, some which were surrounded by sgRNA. These speckles associated with protein starting 3 indicating these precursors ROs. Furthermore, was asynchronous, cells all stages any given time point. Our probes detected variants concern, also suggested BA.1 strain exhibited slower rate than WA1 strain. results provide insights into post-entry events, will facilitate identification new therapeutic targets early-stage combat COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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The Theory of Self-Regulation of Parasitary Systems and COVID-19

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 79(1), С. 33 - 41

Опубликована: Фев. 29, 2024

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic once again confirmed the correctness of theory Academician V.D. Belyakov, according to which basis for development epidemic process is a phase change in heterogeneity biological properties interacting populations pathogen and humans. In accordance with self-regulation parasitic systems, changes are associated not only genetic variability, but also other polydeterminant characteristics pathogen: when new genovariants appeared, SARS-CoV-2 became less pathogenic humans, more contagious. This circumstance important theoretical, practical epidemiology, as it makes possible predict direction situation. Aims — evaluate manifestations coronavirus infection through prism systems. Methods. An epidemiological retrospective analysis incidence was carried out, including study absolute intensive rates per 100,000 population, dynamics identification period from 03.2020 04.2023. To analyze at various stages pandemic, we used sequencing data presented on genome information aggregation platform Virus Genome Aggregator Russia (VGARus) than 248 thousand sequences. Results. During there have been seven ups downs COVID-19. circulation human population adaptation host, significant amount has accumulated evolutionary genome, taking into account trends acquisition properties. Conclusion. COVID-19, classic aerosol anthroponosis, its based negative feedback self-regulation.

Язык: Английский

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