Repeated colonization of alpine habitats by Arabidopsis arenosa viewed through freezing resistance and ice management strategies

Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(6), С. 939 - 949

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2022

Success or failure of plants to cope with freezing temperatures can critically influence plant distribution and adaptation new habitats. Especially in alpine environments, frost is a likely major selective force driving adaptation. In Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée, populations have evolved independently different mountain ranges, enabling studying mechanisms acclimation environments. We tested for heritable, parallel differentiation resistance, cold potential ice management strategies using eight foothill populations. Plants from three European ranges (Niedere Tauern, Făgăraș Tatra Mountains) were grown seeds tetraploid four common gardens, together diploid the Mountains. Freezing resistance was assessed controlled treatments measuring effective quantum yield photosystem II, by infrared video thermography cryomicroscopy. The ecotype had higher than ecotype, whereby this more pronounced However, no ecotypic found one region (Făgăraș), where ancient lineage evolutionary history. Upon freezing, an lens within lacuna between palisade spongy parenchyma tissues formed separation leaf tissues, mechanism not previously reported herbaceous species. dynamic adjustment temperature conditions may be particularly important environments characterized large fluctuations. Furthermore, formation extracellular useful strategy avoid tissue damage during freezing.

Язык: Английский

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Ploidy and local environment drive intraspecific variation in endoreduplication in Arabidopsis arenosa

American Journal of Botany, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 109(2), С. 259 - 271

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

Abstract Premise Endoreduplication, nonheritable duplication of a nuclear genome, is widespread in plants and plays role developmental processes related to cell differentiation. However, neither ecological nor cytological factors influencing intraspecific variation endoreduplication are fully understood. Methods We cultivated covering the range‐wide natural diversity diploid tetraploid populations Arabidopsis arenosa common conditions investigate effect original ploidy level on endoreduplication. also raised from several foothill alpine different lineages both ploidies test for elevation. determined leaves young by flow cytometry. Using RNA‐seq data available our populations, we analyzed gene expression analysis individuals that differed level. Results found was mainly driven with significantly higher diploids. An elevation within each ploidy, yet its direction exhibited rather regional‐specific patterns. Transcriptomic comparing high vs. low endopolyploidy revealed majority differentially expressed genes stress hormone response modifications especially wall chloroplasts. Conclusions Our results support general assumption potential low‐ploidy organisms undergo suggest further integrated pathways fine‐tune adjustment process their local environment.

Язык: Английский

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Role of phenotypic and transcriptomic plasticity in alpine adaptation of Arabidopsis arenosa

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(21), С. 5771 - 5784

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2023

Plasticity is an important component of the response organism to environmental changes, but whether plasticity facilitates adaptation still largely debated. Using transcriptomic and phenotypic data, we explored evolution ancestral during alpine colonization in Arabidopsis arenosa. We leveraged naturally replicated four distinct mountain regions Central Europe. sampled seeds from foothill independently formed populations each region raised them growth chambers under conditions approximating their natural environments. gathered RNA-seq genetic data 48 63 plants scored vegetative flowering traits 203 272 respectively. Then, compared gene expression trait values over two treatments differing temperature irradiance elevations origin quantified extent derived plasticity. At level, initial plastic changes tended be more reinforced than reversed adapted populations. Genes showing reinforcement were involved stress response, developmental processes morphogenesis those undergoing reversion related (light biotic stress). all one also supporting a facilitating role environment. Our results contrasted with previous studies that showed generally higher supported idea tends context adaptation. However, may source potential maladaptation, especially at level.

Язык: Английский

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Parallel Differentiation and Plastic Adjustment of Leaf Anatomy in Alpine Arabidopsis arenosa Ecotypes

Plants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(19), С. 2626 - 2626

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2022

Functional and structural adjustments of plants in response to environmental factors, including those occurring alpine habitats, can result transient acclimation, plastic phenotypic and/or heritable adaptation. To unravel repeatedly selected traits with potential adaptive advantage, we studied parallel (ecotypic) non-parallel (regional) differentiation leaf foothill ecotypes Arabidopsis arenosa. Leaves from eight populations, representing three independent colonization events different mountain ranges, were investigated by microscopy techniques after reciprocal transplantation. Most clearly differed between the ecotype, local environment. In leaves thicker, altered proportions palisade spongy parenchyma, had fewer trichomes, chloroplasts contained large starch grains less stacked grana thylakoids compared populations. Geographical origin no impact on most except for trichome stomatal density abaxial surfaces. The strong parallel, ecotypic various absence regional effects suggests that observed are adaptive. These trait shifts may reflect general trends adaptation anatomy associated habitats.

Язык: Английский

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Niche differentiation following whole-genome duplication? The importance of considering the intricate evolutionary history of polyploids when assessing climatic niche evolution

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2022

Aim Although whole genome duplication (WGD) is an important speciation force, we still lack a consensus on the role of niche differentiation in polyploid evolution. In addition, doubling per se vs. later divergence polyploid’s evolution remains obscure. One reason for this might be that intraspecific genetic structure complexes and interploidy gene flow often neglected ecological studies. Here, aim to investigate which extent these evolutionary processes impact our inference autopolyploids. Location Europe Taxon Arabidopsis arenosa (Brassicaceae) Methods Leveraging total 352 cytotyped populations diploid-autotetraploid A. , examined differences among climatic niches diploid tetraploid lineages both globally, independently each lineage with respect its closest relative. Then, tested if there was effect additional introgression from other sympatric but more ancestral tetraploids. Results Ecological shift tetraploids only detected when assignment considered. We found different patterns (i.e. conservatism, contraction or expansion) compared relatives. observed ruderal plants . Main conclusions The not driven by WGD rather reflects dynamic post-WGD species, involving migration out their area lineages. Our study supports following - usually remain undetected studies neglecting history polyploids may play key adaptation challenging environments.

Язык: Английский

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Environmental response in gene expression and DNA methylation reveals factors influencing the adaptive potential ofArabidopsis lyrata

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 27, 2022

Abstract Understanding what factors influence plastic and genetic variation is valuable for predicting how organisms respond to changes in the selective environment. Here, using gene expression DNA methylation as molecular phenotypes, we study environmentally induced among Arabidopsis lyrata plants grown at lowland alpine field sites. Our results show that highly plastic, many more genes are differentially expressed between sites than populations. These responsive evolve under strong constraint – strength of purifying selection on coding sequence high, while rate adaptive evolution low. We find, however, positive cis -regulatory variants has likely contributed maintenance genetically variable environmental responses, but such segregate only distantly related In contrast expression, genic regions largely insensitive environment, not associated with differential expression. Besides genes, detect effects transposable elements (TEs): TEs high-altitude site have higher levels, suggestive a broad-scale TE activation. Compared population, native environment harbor an excess recent insertions, observe specific families enriched within genes. Together, our findings provide insight into forces shaping variation. also highlight responses can rapidly create novel heritable stressful conditions.

Язык: Английский

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