Genome of the early spider-orchid Ophrys sphegodes provides insights into sexual deception and pollinator adaptation

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

Abstract Pollinator-driven evolution of floral traits is thought to be a major driver angiosperm speciation and diversification. Ophrys orchids mimic female insects lure male pollinators into pseudocopulation. This strategy, called sexual deception, species-specific, thereby providing strong premating reproductive isolation. Identifying the genomic architecture underlying pollinator adaptation may shed light on mechanisms Here, we report 5.2 Gb chromosome-scale genome sequence sphegodes . We find evidence for transposable element expansion that preceded radiation O. group, gene duplication having contributed chemical mimicry. highly differentiated candidate region pollinator-mediated chromosome 2. The will prove useful investigations repeated architectures facilitate evolutionary radiations.

Язык: Английский

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The road less taken: Dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase inactivation and delphinidin anthocyanin loss underpins a natural intraspecific flower colour variation

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2024

Abstract Visual cues are of critical importance for the attraction animal pollinators, however, little is known about molecular mechanisms underpinning intraspecific floral colour variation. Here, we combined comparative spectral analysis, targeted metabolite profiling, multi‐tissue transcriptomics, differential gene expression, sequence analysis and functional to investigate a bee‐pollinated orchid species, Glossodia major with common purple‐ infrequent white‐flowered morphs. We found uncommon previously unreported delphinidin‐based anthocyanins responsible conspicuous pollinator‐perceivable purple morph three genetic changes loss in white – (1) loss‐of‐function (LOF; frameshift) mutation affecting dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase ( DFR1 ) coding due unique 4‐bp insertion, (2) specific downregulation expression (3) unexpected discovery chimeric Gypsy transposable element (TE)‐gene DFR transcripts potential consequences genomic stability post‐transcriptional or epigenetic regulation . This one few cases where regulatory LOF an anthocyanin structural gene, rather than transcription factors, important. Furthermore, if TEs prove be frequent source mutation, interplay between environmental stress‐induced TE evolution pollinator‐mediated selection adaptive variation may overlooked mechanism maintaining polymorphism nature.

Язык: Английский

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A chromosome-level, haplotype-phased Vanilla planifolia genome highlights the challenge of partial endoreplication for accurate whole-genome assembly

Plant Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(5), С. 100330 - 100330

Опубликована: Май 5, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Boechera or not? Genomic insights and taxonomic reassessment of the misclassified Asian species B. calcarea (Brassicaceae)

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

ABSTRACT The genus Boechera (Brassicaceae) serves as a model system for studying apomictic reproduction and ecological adaptations, with most species concentrated in North America. Rare occurrences of beyond their typical range offers unique opportunities to investigate genome evolution extralimital environments. One such species, B. calcarea , was described from the Chandalaz Range northeastern Asia (Russia). This study aimed structure evolutionary history . However, our analyses reveal that does not belong Instead, an integrative approach combining cytogenetic, phylogenetic repeatome identified member ancestral clades within tribe Arabideae. diploid Parryodes (Dudkin) D.A.German & Lysak (2 n = 16) exhibits Arabideae-specific chromosomal signatures, including multiple centromere repositionings. These findings clarify misattribution P. leaving falcata Borodinia macrophylla only Old World representatives Boechereae. highlights importance methodologies resolving taxonomic ambiguities provides new insights into diversification largest cruciferous tribe,

Язык: Английский

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Flow cytometry and cytological studies reveal consecutive rounds of strict partial genome duplications and endomitosis in cellular nuclei from vegetative organs of seeded Dactylorhiza majalis (subfamily Orchidoideae)

Biologia, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Persistent Habitat Instability and Patchiness, Sexual Attraction, Founder Events, Drift and Selection: A Recipe for Rapid Diversification of Orchids

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(8), С. 1193 - 1193

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2025

Orchidaceae is one of the most species-rich families flowering plants, with current diversity having evolved within last 5 My. Patterns associated species richness and rapid diversification have been identified but not often evolutionary processes. We review frequently correlates suggest that processes rate by which they occur vary geographically are largely dependent on persistent pulses habitat instabilities, especially for epiphytes. Aggressive orogenesis creates fragmented habitats while global climatic cycles exacerbate ecological instabilities. The need repeated dispersal results in frequent founder events, sets stage allopatric via bouts genetic drift natural selection. allopatry requirement can be bypassed pollination systems involving flowers attracting pollinators through production sex signaling semiochemicals. drift-selection model diversification, coupled instability throughout geological time scales, likely components a multifactorial process leading to rapid, recent this family.

Язык: Английский

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Day–night hyperarousal in tinnitus patients

Sleep Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 106519 - 106519

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus is closely linked to trophic modes in orchids

BMC Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

Abstract Background Mycorrhiza is a ubiquitous form of symbiosis based on the mutual, beneficial exchange resources between roots autotrophic (AT) plants and heterotrophic soil fungi throughout complex network fungal mycelium. Mycoheterotrophic (MH) mixotrophic (MX) can parasitise this system, gaining all or some (respectively) required nutrients without known reciprocity to fungus. We applied, for first time, an ecological stoichiometry framework test whether trophic mode influences their elemental carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) composition may provide clues about biology evolution within mycorrhizal functioning. Results analysed C:N:P 24 temperate orchid species P concentration 135 from 45 plant families sampled intertropical zones representing three modes (AT, MX MH). Welch’s one-way ANOVA PERMANOVA were used compare mean nutrient values proportions among modes, phylogeny, climate zones. Nutrient significantly differentiate in orchids. Mean foliar showed gradual increase N decrease C: ratio along gradient AT < MH, with surprisingly high requirements MH Although orchids trophy-dependent pattern regardless climatic zone, was not universal indicator as shown by ericaceous plants. Conclusion The results imply that there are different evolutionary pathways adaptation mycoheterotrophic acquisition, compared other represent higher cost partner consequently lead specificity observed

Язык: Английский

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Orchid phylogenetics and evolution: history, current status and prospects

Annals of Botany, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 135(5), С. 805 - 822

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024

Orchidaceae are one of the two largest families angiosperms; they exhibit a host changes - morphological, ecological and molecular that make them excellent candidates for evolutionary study. Such studies most effectively performed in phylogenetic context, which provides direction to character change. Understanding orchid relationships began pre-evolutionary classification systems 1800s, were based solely on morphology, now is largely genomic analysis. The resulting patterns have been used update family test many hypotheses family. Recent analyses with dense sampling large numbers nuclear loci yielded well-supported trees confirmed longstanding overturned others. They being understand change diversification These include dating origination family, analysis habit (from terrestrial epiphytic back again some cases), revealing significant plastid genome leafless holomycotrophs, studying biogeographic various parts world, interpreting fungal associations orchids. has progressed significantly recent decades, especially since DNA sequence data available. contributed an increasingly refined orchids pattern facilitated evolution Whole-genome just beginning promise reveal fine-level details underlying structure function these plants, and, when set provide much richer understanding how so successful diversification.

Язык: Английский

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In-depth analysis of genomes and functional genomics of orchid using cutting-edge high-throughput sequencing

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2022

High-throughput sequencing technology has been facilitated the development of new methodologies and approaches for studying origin evolution plant genomes subgenomes, population domestication, functional genomics. Orchids have tens thousands members in nature. Many them promising application potential extension conservation ecological chain, horticultural use ornamental blossoms, utilization botanical medicines. However, a large-scale gene knockout mutant library sophisticated genetic transformation system are still lacking improvement orchid germplasm resources. New editing tools, such as favored CRISPR-Cas9 or some base editors, not yet widely applied orchids. In addition to large variety cultivars, high-precision, high-throughput genome is also required mining trait-related genes. Nowadays, focus genomics research directed classification species, deletion, duplication chromosomal polyploidy, flower morphogenesis-related regulation. Here, progressing achieved molecular biology over past few decades discussed, including size polyploidization. The frequent incorporation LTR retrotransposons play important role expansion structural variation genome. event nuclear generated plenty recently tandem duplicated genes, which drove divergency loss plastid genome, mostly affected genes related photosynthesis autotrophy, demonstrated that orchids experienced more separate transitions heterotrophy than any other terrestrial plant. Moreover, resequencing provide useful SNP markers constructing maps, will facilitate breeding novel varieties. significance technologies identification provides us with representative trait-improving well mechanisms worthy further investigation. addition, promise investigation function. This knowledge may scientific reference theoretical basis studies.

Язык: Английский

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