Experimental Physiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 107(5), С. 395 - 397

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2022

As we near the end of first quarter 21st century, it is notable that many influential health and research governance bodies are highlighting importance directing strategies towards understanding lifecourse disease trajectories. These include WHO's promotion public policies to incorporate approaches in alliance with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) – especially Health Population SDG stated objective ‘ensure healthy lives promoting well-being for all at ages’ (Kuruvilla et al., 2017; Mikkelsen 2019; 2030 Agenda Development, 2015; World Organisation, 2022); Public England's (2019) guidance a approach preventing ill-health; UK government's review early life England recognition future 1001 days post-birth (The Best Start Life, 2021); Physiological Society's ageing (Growing Older, Better, 2019); recent UKRI funding streams directed establishment interdisciplinary networks across lifecourse. There reasons underlying this. First, population-level improvements lifespan may have peaked (Marmot 2020; Raleigh, 2021) attention being facilitating rather than increasing longevity per se. Second, realization meaningful improvement diagnosis of, provision therapeutic options for, number people presenting later multiple conditions ill will require greater awareness origins (Academy Medical Sciences, 2018; Head England, Whitty & Watt, 2020). Third, related, now strong body information indicates trajectories good health, or ill-health, be influenced by circumstances encountered (Aagaard-Hansen Crump Howell, 2021; Hanson 2016; Tribe 2018). The requirement interrogate mechanisms determining their regulation integration over time, speaks loudly interests physiologists role physiology: our curiosity unravel molecular enabling cells, tissues organs adapt everyday stimuli; wish gain insight into what has gone awry, do about it, when physiological reservoirs remodelling overwhelmed tipped pathophysiological. This was impetus Physiology 2021 symposium entitled ‘Physiological Resilience Across Lifecourse: In Utero Beyond’, where four renowned researchers addressed this topic range organ systems time frames participated an engaging wide-ranging discussion forum conference attendees. short articles herein summarize thoughts speakers on these matters. Rosalind John describes investigating cross-talk between feto-placental maternal environments during pregnancy discusses relevance longer-term neonatal behaviour (John, 2022). It well-established placenta plays crucial success modulating environment (e.g., via structural functional alterations uterine vasculature facilitate blood flow inter-villous space) nutrient exchange placental circulations support gestationally appropriate fetal growth. also been supposed maternally derived adverse can impact negatively upon fetal/neonatal well-being. Herein new evoked: endocrine regulator both physiology behaviour. advance arrived use intricate murine models whereby genetic paternally imprinted genes, each which influences placenta-derived hormonal production, expressed embryos transferred pseudo-pregnant females. essence, embryonic/fetal imposed insufficiency reduced lactogen production) were associated low birthweight progeny (as anticipated), but mothers exhibited care themselves offspring. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis brain from animals surviving adulthood revealed differences regions sensitive utero development transgenic versus controls. opened up avenue exploration one consider hormone production directly organism particular elucidating influence prenatal adversity babies. Christopher Stewart colleagues discuss wonders human gut microbiome its regulating throughout (Ahearn-Ford post-natal period 3 years age important setting parameters homeostasis maturation as microbes colonize body. evinced too perturbations microbiota onset diseases including irritable bowel syndrome, cardiovascular neurological disorders. Perhaps unsurprisingly, therefore, infants born preterm (and therefore having underdeveloped immune gastrointestinal tract well exposed extra-uterine sterile environments) high incidence necrotizing enterocolitis instability. microbial dysregulation could contribute long-term risks birth (PTB) overlap considerably dysbiosis referred previously. Intriguingly, developments intestinal organoid model systems, although infancy, appear offer promise host–microbiome interactions alteration circumstances. Vaelerie Luyckx, together Robert Chevalier, addresses issue chronic kidney (CKD), affects 1/10 adult population rising, gestational (Luyckx Population-level studies give compelling voice notion. Fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia risk factors hypertension, proteinuria life. Furthermore, female individuals such more likely experience similar situations adulthood. process nephrogenesis. Studies deficiency nephron perhaps utilization diverted other brain). tempting associate extent nephrogenesis CKD co-morbidities. Adam Lewandowski considers PTB outcomes (Lewandowski, PTB, mentioned above, factor disease. his review, investigations prematurely cardiac structure function, cardiac-related discussed. A combination vivo imaging echocardiography magnetic resonance undertaken last decade, large cohort patient registry Scandinavia, revealing mechanistic associations heart structure, function disease, relative age-matched term. Notably, adulthood, lower left right ventricular volumes, increased masses, ejection fraction exercise challenge. Left mass positively correlated systolic pressure young adults association stronger those prematurely. An elevation diffuse fibrosis noted. provide valuable possible contributing Of interest cross-over potential benefits remarked reviews (2022) Ahearn-Ford al. performance respectively continuous breast-feeding infants. Symposium presentations, reviews, indicate clearly there unravelling serve maintain face innumerable challenges common thread woven through alerts us fourth reason embed genuine consideration trajectories: is, takes very different perspective depending starting point. Some examples cases congenital and/or diagnosed For example, Deuchenne's muscular dystrophy cystic (CF). patients encounter, days, severe robustness. Yet, decades-long fundamental clinical physiology-related research, adaptations occurring, efficacy drugs ion channel potentiators CF, Sheppard 2017) non-medicinal interventions aerobic CF patients; Williams Stevens, 2013), terms affected individuals. mortality changed teenage expectation most live fifth decade (Sheppard 2017). turn, gains integrated knowledge garnered studying early-onset, persistent, prove (i) sequelae lead adult-onset diseases, (ii) developing diagnostic tools minimize pathophysiology occurrence/impact. summary, remains need acquire rigorous, experimental data identification quantification available responding harness improve resilience spatiotemporal scales occur immense complexity subcellular whole organism, milliseconds decades even generations reflect demanding nature tasks. why policy outset article, described eloquently supported built if increase base manner applicable improving second century. None. Both authors read approved final version manuscript agree accountable aspects work ensuring questions related accuracy integrity any part appropriately investigated resolved. All persons designated qualify authorship, who authorship listed.

Язык: Английский