The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Март 25, 2025
The study by Zaback et al. (2025) in the present issue of Journal Physiology involved repeatedly exposing individuals to same postural threat at time as probing vestibular and motor responses using stochastic stimulation. This made it possible manipulate emotional autonomic state context threat. Their results suggest that threat-related changes function are closely related threat-induced changes, not an invariant response specific contextual features study, which is very interesting itself, raises some fascinating questions about sensorimotor transformations. One these concerns status sensory information CNS. Secondary neurons brainstem take their name from fact they receive primary afferents. However, we later realized, also proprioceptive inputs, mainly neuromuscular spindles 48 neck muscles, visual inputs via accessory optic system. explains why, when you sitting on a train next leaves, feel your own moving. As result, second-order actually develop internal multimodal representation head body movement space. used stabilize gaze posture, generate awareness allow separation between one's externally generated movement. In this context, can still talk neurons? Should ask ourselves whether central nervous system preserves 'vestibular, proprioceptive' or mixes service world for frequency tuned channel? light electrophysiological work animal models, several types our probably coexist nucleus, with variable weighting And that's all. so-called 'vestibular' cerebellar cortical activity modulated neuromodulators vigilance, changes. partly obtained Cullen (2023), show long way 19th century conception control result sum elementary reflexes. We confronted ultra-rapid representations elaborated CNS basis cocktail actual level affective social context. around 200 ms, coherent fluctuating world, necessary gaze, distinguish someone pushing us have initiated; short, avoid disasters. such critical situations, might expect everyone's posture be relatively uniform identical circumstances. case, others shown. All neurophysiologists who sensory-motor transformations, models humans, learn more ecological precise measurements behaviour, greater differences individuals. other words, question just understand how, influenced reconstruct reality enables act. It understanding how different people reach conclusions comes regulating control. each has perceptual-motor style (for review, see Vidal al., 2021) even so pathological states. consequence average behaviours cohort misleading. Each person, challenged, takes view risks she/he exposed therefore adopts solutions resolve problem. why individual longitudinal monitoring becoming key element Also, being permanent biped risky game. Uncertain prediction and/or adoption poor muscular synergies lead fall ground 500 ms later, 700 after start perturbation. Furthermore, falls second leading cause death unintentional trauma mention various injuries loss independence elderly. previous studies far series reflexes, bets, predictions, assess risks, optimal programs aiming them. These strategies communalities (we rarely bet random). They define styles unreasonable betting leads neuroses (acrophobia, fear falling). considerations truer processes rehabilitation involved. Again, should become rule. Two final comments conclude editorial. First, meet challenge gambling, highlighted two constituent elements could instrumental neuronal level: habituation adaptation. Second, ubiquitous artificial intelligence does seem able answer raised here: if there's one thing large language (LLMs) do do, it's anxious it. Perhaps typically human explain became effective bipeds become, ultimately failed age. Please note: publisher responsible content functionality any supporting supplied authors. Any queries (other than missing content) directed corresponding author article. No competing interests declared. Sole author. funding was received.
Язык: Английский