International Association of Athletics Federations Consensus Statement 2019: Nutrition for Athletics

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(2), С. 73 - 84

Опубликована: Март 1, 2019

The International Association of Athletics Federations recognizes the importance nutritional practices in optimizing an Athlete's well-being and performance. Although encompasses a diverse range track-and-field events with different performance determinants, there are common goals around support for adaptation to training, optimal key events, reducing risk injury illness. Periodized guidelines can be provided appropriate type, amount, timing intake food fluids promote health across scenarios training competition. Some Athletes at relative energy deficiency sport arising from mismatch between exercise expenditure. Competition nutrition strategies may involve pre-event, within-event, between-event eating address requirements carbohydrate fluid replacement. "food first" policy should underpin plan, occasions judicious use medical supplements nutrient deficiencies or sports foods that help athlete meet when it is impractical eat food. Evidence-based include caffeine, bicarbonate, beta-alanine, nitrate, creatine; however, their value specific characteristics event. Special considerations needed travel, challenging environments (e.g., heat altitude); special populations females, young masters athletes); restricted dietary choice vegetarian). Ideally, each Athlete develop personalized, periodized, practical plan via collaboration coach accredited experts, optimize

Язык: Английский

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Physiological demands of running at 2-hour marathon race pace

Journal of Applied Physiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 130(2), С. 369 - 379

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2020

We report the physiological characteristics and O 2 cost of running overground at ∼21.1 km/h in a cohort world’s best male distance runners. provide new information on absolute relative uptake required to run 2-h marathon pace.

Язык: Английский

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The fourth dimension: physiological resilience as an independent determinant of endurance exercise performance

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 602(17), С. 4113 - 4128

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2023

Endurance exercise performance is known to be closely associated with the three physiological pillars of maximal O

Язык: Английский

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Physiological Resilience: What Is It and How Might It Be Trained?

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 35(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Physiological resilience has recently been recognized as an additional factor that influences endurance exercise performance. It thus incorporated into a modified, contemporary version of "the Joyner model" which acknowledges start-line values V̇O2max, efficiency or economy, and metabolic thresholds are prone to deterioration, often with appreciable interindividual variability, during prolonged exercise. The physiological underpinnings elusive sports physiologists presently concerned developing practical testing protocols reflect athlete's characteristics. is also important consider why some athletes more resilient than others whether can be enhanced-and, if so, training programs specific sessions might stimulate its development. While data scant, the available evidence suggests consistency accumulation relatively large volumes over longer-term (i.e., several years) promote resilience. inclusion regular within program, especially when these include bouts high-intensity at race pace above progressive increase in intensity face fatigue, represent effective means enhancing Finally, resistance training, heavy strength plyometric appears have positive effects on Considerations for resilience, alongside other established determinants performance, will likely long-term development successful athletes.

Язык: Английский

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Ketogenic low‐CHO, high‐fat diet: the future of elite endurance sport?

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 599(3), С. 819 - 843

Опубликована: Май 2, 2020

Abstract The ability of ketogenic low‐carbohydrate (CHO) high‐fat (K‐LCHF) diets to enhance muscle fat oxidation has led claims that it is the ‘future elite endurance sport’. There robust evidence substantial increases in occur, even athletes, within 3–4 weeks and possibly 5–10 days adherence a K‐LCHF diet. Retooling can double exercise use ∼1.5 g min −1 , with intensity maximal rates shifting from ∼45% ∼70% aerobic capacity. Reciprocal reductions CHO during are clear, but current support hypothesis normalization glycogen content longer‐term adaptation weak. Importantly, keto‐adaptation may impair muscle's for oxidative fates, compromising more economical energy source when oxygen supply becomes limiting and, thus, performance higher‐intensity (>80% capacity). Even moderate exercise, individual responsiveness varied, extremes at both ends spectrum. Periodisation high availability might offer opportunities restore capacity investigations various models have failed find benefit over dietary approaches based on sports nutrition guidelines. Endurance athletes who contemplating should undertake an audit event characteristics personal experiences balance risk impaired likelihood unavoidable depletion carbohydrate stores. image

Язык: Английский

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A Framework for Periodized Nutrition for Athletics

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(2), С. 141 - 151

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2019

Over the last decade, in support of training periodization, there has been an emergence around concept nutritional periodization. Within athletics (track and field), science art periodization is a cornerstone with recent commentaries emphasizing underappreciated complexity associated predictable performance on demand. Nevertheless, varying levels evidence, sport event specific sequencing various units sessions (long [macrocycle; months], medium [mesocycle; weeks], short [microcycle; days within-day duration]) routine approach to Indeed, implementation strategic temporal nutrition interventions (macro, meso, micro) can enhance prescription adaptation, as well acute performance. However, general framework how, why, when could be implemented not yet established. It beyond scope this review highlight every potential application. Instead, will focus generalized framework, examples macro-, meso-, microperiodization for macronutrients carbohydrates, and, by extension, fat. More specifically, authors establish evidence rationale situations high carbohydrate availability, more chronic manipulation carbohydrates coupled training. The topic periodized made considerable gains over decade but ripe further scientific progress field

Язык: Английский

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Crisis of confidence averted: Impairment of exercise economy and performance in elite race walkers by ketogenic low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet is reproducible

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 15(6), С. e0234027 - e0234027

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2020

We repeated our study of intensified training on a ketogenic low-carbohydrate (CHO), high-fat diet (LCHF) in world-class endurance athletes, with further investigation "carryover" effect performance after restoring CHO availability comparison to high or periodised diets.After Baseline testing (10,000 m IAAF-sanctioned race, aerobic capacity and submaximal walking economy) elite male female race walkers undertook 25 d supervised repeat (Adapt) energy-matched diets: High (8.6 g∙kg-1∙d-1 CHO, 2.1 protein; 1.2 fat) including before/during/after workouts (HCHO, n = 8): similar macronutrient intake within/between days manipulate low at various (PCHO, 8); LCHF (<50 g∙d-1 CHO; 78% energy as fat; 10). After Adapt, all athletes resumed HCHO for 2.5 wk before cohort (n 19) completed 20 km race.All groups increased VO2peak (ml∙kg-1∙min-1) Adapt (p 0.02, 95%CI: [0.35-2.74]). markedly whole-body fat oxidation (from 0.6 g∙min-1 1.3 g∙min-1), but also the oxygen cost race-relevant velocities. Differences 10,000 were clear meaningful: improved by 4.8% 134 s (95% CI: [207 62 s]; p < 0.001), trend faster time (2.2%, 61 [-18 +144 0.09) PCHO. slower 2.3%, -86 ([-18 -144 no evidence superior "rebound" over restoration taper.Our previous findings impaired exercise economy sustained high-intensity following keto-adaptation competitors repeated. Furthermore, there was detectable benefit from undertaking an intervention strategy 2.5-wk preparation/taper availability.Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12619000794101.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Athletic Performance Based on Energy Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(5), С. 1300 - 1300

Опубликована: Май 2, 2020

Nitric oxide related ergogenic aids such as arginine (Arg) have shown to impact positively on sport performance through several physiological and metabolic mechanisms. However, research results be controversial. The great differences regarding required pathways demands between aerobic anaerobic disciplines could the reasons. aim of this systematic review meta-analysis was evaluate effects Arg supplementation (≤VO2max) (>VO2max) performance. Likewise, show effective dose timing supplementation. A structured search carried out in accordance with PRISMA® (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses) statement PICOS guidelines PubMed/MEDLINE, Web Science (WOS), Scopus databases from inception January 2020. Eighteen studies were included which compare placebo an identical situation testing its tests. Trials analyzing other supplements removed there not athlete's level, gender, ethnicity, or age filters. performed 15 random model pooled standardized mean (SMD) used according Hedges' g. Results revealed that improve (SMD, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.12 1.56; magnitude SMD (MSMD), large; I2, 89%; p = 0.02) 0.24; 0.05 0.43; MSMD, small; 0%; 0.01) In conclusion, acute protocols should adjusted 0.15 g/kg body weight ingested 60-90 min before. Moreover, chronic include 1.5-2 g/day 4-7 weeks order performance, 10-12 8 enhance

Язык: Английский

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Effects of 120 g/h of Carbohydrates Intake during a Mountain Marathon on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Elite Runners

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(5), С. 1367 - 1367

Опубликована: Май 11, 2020

Background—exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and internal exercise load are increased after competing in ultraendurance events such as mountain marathons. Adequate carbohydrate (CHO) intake during optimizes athletic performance could limit EIMD, reduce and, thus, improve recovery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to research into compare effects high CHO (120 g/h) terms recommendation (90 regular performed by athletes (60 a marathon, on EIMD markers (creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), urea creatinine). Materials Methods—a randomized trial carried out 20 male elite runners who had previously undertaken nutritional gut training, consumed different dosages according experimental (EXP—120 g/h), control (CON—90 low (LOW—60 groups ~4000 m cumulative slope marathon. were analyzed before race 24 h afterwards. Internal calculated based rate perceived exertion (RPE) marathon event. Results—internal significantly lower (p = 0.019; η2p 0.471) EXP (3805 ± 281 AU) compared LOW (4688 705 CON (4692 716 AU). Moreover, results revealed that group evidenced CK 0.373), LDH < 0.001; 0.615) GOT 0.003; 0.500) values CON. Along these lines, close correlation (R 0.742; p 0.001). Conclusion: High observed CK, ingestion 60 90 g/h.

Язык: Английский

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3D printing of four-in-one oral polypill with multiple release profiles for personalized delivery of caffeine and vitamin B analogues

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 598, С. 120360 - 120360

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2021

Язык: Английский

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