Biodiversity: Concepts, Patterns, Trends, and Perspectives

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 47(1), С. 31 - 63

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2022

Biodiversity, a term now widely employed in science, policy, and wider society, has burgeoning associated literature. We synthesize aspects of this literature, focusing on several key concepts, debates, patterns, trends, drivers. review the history multiple dimensions values biodiversity, we explore what is known not about global patterns biodiversity. then changes biodiversity from early human times to modern era, examining rates extinction direct drivers change also highlighting some less-well-studied Finally, turn attention indirect loss, notably humanity's increasing consumption footprint, might be required reverse ongoing decline fabric life Earth.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of anthropogenic light on species and ecosystems

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 380(6650), С. 1125 - 1130

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2023

Anthropogenic light is ubiquitous in areas where humans are present and showing a progressive increase worldwide. This has far-reaching consequences for most species their ecosystems. The effects of anthropogenic on natural ecosystems highly variable complex. Many suffer from adverse often respond specific manner. Ostensibly surveyable such as attraction deterrence become complicated because these can depend the type behavior locations. Here, we considered how solutions new technologies could reduce light. A simple solution to reducing mitigating ecological seems unattainable, frugal lighting practices turning off lights may be necessary eliminate them.

Язык: Английский

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Nighttime light in China's coastal zone: The type classification approach using SDGSAT-1 Glimmer Imager

Remote Sensing of Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 305, С. 114104 - 114104

Опубликована: Март 8, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Environmental Impacts of Artificial Light at Night

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 47(1), С. 373 - 398

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2022

The nighttime is undergoing unprecedented change across much of the world, with natural light cycles altered by introduction artificial emissions. Here we review extent and dynamics at night (ALAN), benefits that ALAN provides, environmental costs creates, approaches to mitigating these negative effects, how are likely in future. We particularly highlight consequences increasingly widespread use light-emitting diode (LED) technology for new lighting installations retrofit pre-existing ones. Although this has been characterized as a technological revolution, it also constitutes revolution impacts ALAN, because LEDs commonly used outdoor have significant emissions blue wavelengths which many biological responses sensitive. It clear very different approach required.

Язык: Английский

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Moths complement bumblebee pollination of red clover: a case for day-and-night insect surveillance

Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(7)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022

Recent decades have seen a surge in awareness about insect pollinator declines. Social bees receive the most attention, but flower-visiting species are lesser known, non-bee insects. Nocturnal flower visitors, e.g. moths, especially difficult to observe and largely ignored pollination studies. Clearly, achieving balanced monitoring of all taxa represents major scientific challenge. Here, we use time-lapse cameras for season-wide, day-and-night surveillance

Язык: Английский

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The Present and Future of Insect Biodiversity Conservation in the Neotropics: Policy Gaps and Recommendations

Neotropical Entomology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(3), С. 407 - 421

Опубликована: Март 14, 2023

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that insect populations may be declining at local and global scales, threatening the sustainability of ecosystem services insects provide. Insect declines are particular concern in Neotropics, which holds several world’s hotspots endemism diversity. Conservation policies one way to prevent mitigate declines, yet these usually biased toward vertebrate species. Here, we outline some key policy instruments for biodiversity conservation Neotropics discuss their potential contribution shortcomings conservation. These include species-specific action policies, protected areas Indigenous Community Conserved Areas (ICCAs), sectoral offsetting, market-based mechanisms, international underpin efforts. We highlight although can potentially benefit indirectly, there avenues could better incorporate specific needs into mentioned above. propose improvement. Firstly, evaluating extinction risk more Neotropical target at-risk species with conserve habitats within area-based interventions. Secondly, alternative pest control methods enhanced monitoring a range land-based production sectors. Thirdly, incorporating measurable achievable targets conventions. Finally, emphasise important roles community engagement public awareness achieving improvements policies.

Язык: Английский

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Global meta-analysis of urbanization stressors on insect abundance, richness, and traits

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 903, С. 165967 - 165967

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Global meta-analysis reveals overall higher nocturnal than diurnal activity in insect communities

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024

Abstract Insects sustain key ecosystem functions, but how their activity varies across the day–night cycle and underlying drivers are poorly understood. Although entomologists generally expect that more insects active at night, this notion has not been tested with empirical data global scale. Here, we assemble 331 quantitative comparisons of abundances between day night periods from 78 studies worldwide use multi-level meta-analytical models to show insect is on average 31.4% (CI: −6.3%–84.3%) higher than in day. We reveal diel preferences major taxa, observe nocturnal aquatic taxa terrestrial ones, as well warmer environments. In a separate analysis small subset quantifying patterns taxonomic richness (31 13 studies), detect preliminary evidence tropical temperate communities. The overall (but variable) communities underscores need address threats such light pollution climate warming may disproportionately impact insects.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary change in flight-to-light response in urban moths comes with changes in wing morphology

Biology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Moths and other insects are attracted by artificial light sources. This flight-to-light behaviour disrupts their general activity focused on finding resources, such as mating partners, increases predation risk. It thus has substantial fitness costs. In illuminated urban areas, spindle ermine moths Yponomeuta cagnagella were reported to have evolved a reduced response. Yet, the specific mechanism remained unknown, was hypothesized involve either changes in visual perception or flight ability overall mobility traits. Here, we test whether from rural populations—with known differences responses—differ flight-related morphological Urban individuals found average smaller wings than moths, which turn correlated with lower probability of being an source. Our supports hypothesis, states that areas is associated apparatus.

Язык: Английский

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The European regulatory system for plant protection products—cause of a “Silent Spring” or highly advanced and protective?

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Current publications that are shaping public perception repeatedly claim residues of plant protection products (PPP) in the environment demonstrate gaps assessing exposure and effects PPP, allegedly revealing inability European regulatory system to prevent environmental contamination damage such as biodiversity decline. The hypothesis is risk assessments rely on inappropriate predictive models underestimate do not explicitly account for impact combinations stressors physiological differences stress responses. This article puts this criticism into context allow a more balanced evaluation PPP. There broad consensus decline real. analyzed current literature causes chemical contamination. main drivers identified were land use changes structural uniformity agricultural landscapes or multiple contaminants emitted by various sources wastewater discharge systems. Comparing measured concentrations from published monitoring studies with predictions assessment reveals only slight occasional exceedances few scenarios compounds. Therefore, call greater conservatism authorization process PPPs will lead an improvement situation. We suggest enhancing landscape diversity through Union Common Agricultural Policy reducing farmyard effluents. management toolbox should be expanded include flexible localized mitigation measures treatment options reduce applied amounts off-target exposure.

Язык: Английский

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