Bidirectional brain-body interactions during natural story listening

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 43(4), С. 114081 - 114081

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Narratives can synchronize neural and physiological signals between individuals, but the relationship these signals, underlying mechanism, is unclear. We hypothesized a top-down effect of cognition on arousal predicted that auditory narratives will drive not only brain also peripheral signals. find entrained gaze variation, saccade initiation, pupil size, heart rate. This consistent with autonomic function. bottom-up effect, whereby physiology affects arousal. Controlled breathing affected rate was by controlled saccades. Additionally, fluctuations in preceded size Gaze were all associated anterior-central Together, results suggest bidirectional causal effects function central circuits involved control

Язык: Английский

---

VARX Granger analysis: Models for neuroscience, physiology, sociology and econometrics

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1), С. e0313875 - e0313875

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Complex systems, such as in brains, markets, and societies, exhibit internal dynamics influenced by external factors. Disentangling delayed effects from within these systems is often difficult. We propose using a Vector Autoregressive model with eXogenous input (VARX) to capture interactions between variables. Whereas this aligns Granger’s statistical formalism for testing “causal relations”, the connection two not widely understood. Here, we bridge gap providing fundamental equations, user-friendly code, demonstrations simulated real-world data neuroscience, physiology, sociology, economics. Our examples illustrate how avoids spurious correlation factoring out influences dynamics, leading more parsimonious explanations of systems. For instance, neural recordings find that prolonged response brain can be explained short exogenous effect, followed recurrent activity. In human recovers established eye movements affecting pupil size bidirectional interaction respiration heart rate. also provide methods enhancing efficiency, L2 regularization limited basis functions cope extended delays. Additionally, analyze performance under various scenarios where assumptions are violated. MATLAB, Python, R code provided easy adoption: https://github.com/lcparra/varx .

Язык: Английский

---

Pupil dilation offers a time-window on prediction error

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

Task-evoked pupil dilation has been linked to many cognitive variables, perhaps most notably unexpected events. Zénon (2019) proposed a unifying framework stating that related cognition should be considered from an information-theory perspective. In the current study, we investigated whether pupil’s response decision outcome in context of associative learning reflects prediction error defined formally as information gain, while also exploring time course this signal. To do so, adapted simple model trial-by-trial stimulus probabilities based on theory previous literature. We analyzed two data sets which participants performed perceptual decision-making tasks required was recorded. Our findings consistently showed significant proportion variability post-feedback during can explained by formal quantification gain shortly after feedback presentation both task contexts. later window, relationship between information-theoretic variables and differed per task. For first time, present evidence dilates or constricts along with seems dependent, specifically increasing decreasing average uncertainty (entropy) across trials. This study offers empirical showcasing how offer valuable insights into process updating learning, highlighting promising utility readily accessible physiological indicator for investigating internal belief states.

Язык: Английский

---

Pupil dilation offers a time-window on prediction error

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

Task-evoked pupil dilation has been linked to many cognitive variables, perhaps most notably unexpected events. Zénon (2019) proposed a unifying framework stating that related cognition should be considered from an information-theory perspective. In the current study, we investigated whether pupil’s response decision outcome in context of associative learning reflects prediction error defined formally as information gain, while also exploring time course this signal. To do so, adapted simple model trial-by-trial stimulus probabilities based on theory previous literature. We analyzed two data sets which participants performed perceptual decision-making tasks required was recorded. Our findings consistently showed significant proportion variability post-feedback during can explained by formal quantification gain shortly after feedback presentation both task contexts. later window, relationship between information-theoretic variables and differed per task. For first time, present evidence dilates or constricts along with seems dependent, specifically increasing decreasing average uncertainty (entropy) across trials. This study offers empirical showcasing how offer valuable insights into process updating learning, highlighting promising utility readily accessible physiological indicator for investigating internal belief states.

Язык: Английский

---

Minimal background noise enhances neural speech tracking: Evidence of stochastic resonance

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Neural activity in auditory cortex tracks the amplitude-onset envelope of continuous speech, but recent work counter-intuitively suggests that neural tracking increases when speech is masked by background noise, despite reduced intelligibility. Noise-related amplification could indicate stochastic resonance – response facilitation through noise supports tracking, a comprehensive account lacking. In five human electroencephalography (EEG) experiments, current study demonstrates generalized enhancement due to minimal noise. Results show a) enhanced for at very high SNRs (∼30 dB SNR) where highly intelligible; b) this independent attention; c) it generalizes across different stationary maskers, strongest 12-talker babble; and d) present headphone free-field listening, suggesting neural-tracking real-life listening. The paints clear picture enhances representation onset-envelope, contributes tracking. further highlights non-linearities induced make its use as biological marker processing challenging.

Язык: Английский

---

Enhanced neural speech tracking through noise indicates stochastic resonance in humans

eLife, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 18, 2025

Neural activity in auditory cortex tracks the amplitude-onset envelope of continuous speech, but recent work counterintuitively suggests that neural tracking increases when speech is masked by background noise, despite reduced intelligibility. Noise-related amplification could indicate stochastic resonance – response facilitation through noise supports tracking, a comprehensive account lacking. In five human electroencephalography experiments, current study demonstrates generalized enhancement due to minimal noise. Results show (1) enhanced for at very high signal-to-noise ratios (~30 dB SNR) where highly intelligible; (2) this independent attention; (3) it generalizes across different stationary maskers, strongest 12-talker babble; and (4) present headphone free-field listening, suggesting neural-tracking real-life listening. The paints clear picture enhances representation onset-envelope, contributes tracking. further highlights non-linearities induced make its use as biological marker processing challenging.

Язык: Английский

---

Eyes on hold: Motion task difficulty jointly delays microsaccade and pupil responses

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

Microsaccades and pupil dynamics exhibit canonical temporal profiles, providing insights into perceptual cognitive processes. are typically suppressed with respect to expected stimulus onset followed by a rebound baseline rates. Here, we investigated whether how the of microsaccades dilation vary task difficulty for motion perception task. We hypothesized that jointly delays microsaccade rates time peak when discriminating direction. Human observers discriminated direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) in briefly presented perifoveal drifting stimulus, which varied according two ‘easy’ vs ‘hard’ manipulations –cardinal oblique directions, large small tilt offsets from found (1) increased strengthened prolonged inhibition resulting delayed rebounds, (2) pupillary responses were both larger amplitude more difficult conditions, (3) discrimination response correlated rebounds responses. conclude these due period sensory evidence accumulation, their support shared neural mechanism underlying

Язык: Английский

---

Eye movements of younger and older adults decrease during story listening in background noise

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2025

Abstract Assessments of listening effort are increasingly relevant to understanding the speech-comprehension difficulties experienced by older adults. Pupillometry is most common tool assess but has limitations. Recent research shown that eye movements decrease when effortful and proposed indicators as alternative measures. However, much work was conducted in younger adults trial-based sentence-listening paradigm, during concurrent visual stimulation. The extent which index con tinuous speech listening, independently stimuli, adults, unknown. In current study, listened continuous stories with varying degrees background noise under free moving-dot viewing conditions. Eye decreased (as indexed fixation duration, gaze dispersion, saccade rate) increasing masking. reduction did not depend on age group or conditions, indicating can be used effects masking different situations people ages. pupil area only sensitive early experiment. sum, study suggests a potential listening.

Язык: Английский

---

Differentiating between Bayesian parameter learning and structure learning based on behavioural and pupil measures

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(2), С. e0270619 - e0270619

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

Within predictive processing two kinds of learning can be distinguished: parameter and structure learning. In Bayesian learning, parameters under a specific generative model are continuously being updated in light new evidence. However, this mechanism cannot explain how added to model. Structure unlike makes structural changes by altering its causal connections or adding removing parameters. Whilst these types have recently been formally differentiated, they not empirically distinguished. The aim research was differentiate between on the basis affect pupil dilation. Participants took part within-subject computer-based experiment with phases. first phase, participants had learn relationship cues target stimuli. second conditional change relationship. Our results show that dynamics were indeed qualitatively different experimental phases, but opposite direction as we originally expected. more gradually phase compared phase. This might imply built multiple models from scratch (structure learning) before settling one models. possibly just needed update probability distribution over (parameter learning).

Язык: Английский

---

Pupil Size Encodes Uncertainty during Exploration

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(9), С. 1508 - 1520

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Abstract Exploration is an important part of decision making and crucial to maximizing long-term rewards. Past work has shown that people use different forms uncertainty guide exploration. In this study, we investigate the role pupil-linked arousal system in uncertainty-guided We measured participants' (n = 48) pupil dilation while they performed a two-armed bandit task. Consistent with previous work, found adopted hybrid directed, random, undirected exploration, which are sensitive relative uncertainty, total value difference between options, respectively. also positive correlation size uncertainty. Furthermore, augmenting choice model subject-specific estimates decoded from improved predictions held-out choices, suggesting used estimate encoded decide option explore. Together, data shed light on computations underlying uncertainty-driven Under assumption reflects locus coeruleus-norepinephrine neuromodulatory activity, these results extend theory function highlighting its selective driving random

Язык: Английский

---