bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024
Abstract
Many
decisions
entail
the
updating
of
beliefs
about
state
environment,
a
process
that
may
go
awry
in
psychosis.
When
environments
are
subject
to
hidden
changes
their
state,
optimal
belief
requires
non-linear
modulation
sensory
evidence,
which
be
subserved
by
pupil-linked,
phasic
arousal.
Here,
we
analyzed
behavior
and
pupil
responses
during
evidence
accumulation
changing
environment
community
sample
human
participants
assessed
subclinical
psychotic
experiences
(psychosis
proneness).
Subjects
most
prone
psychosis
showed
overall
less
flexible
profiles,
with
diminished
weighting
late
evidence.
These
same
subjects
also
exhibited
smaller
reliable
encoding
computational
variables
governing
adaptive
updating.
The
observed
arousal
dynamics
account
for
emergence
cognitive
biases
psychopathology.
Our
results
open
new
window
on
pathophysiology
mental
disorders.
Abstract
Motivationally
significant
events
like
oddball
stimuli
elicit
both
a
characteristic
event‐related
potential
(ERPs)
known
as
P300
and
set
of
autonomic
responses
including
phasic
pupil
dilation.
Although
co‐occurring,
pupil‐dilation
to
have
been
repeatedly
found
be
uncorrelated,
suggesting
separate
origins.
We
re‐examined
their
relationship
in
the
context
three‐stimulus
version
auditory
task,
independently
manipulating
frequency
(rare
vs.
repeated)
motivational
significance
(relevance
for
participant's
task)
stimuli.
used
independent
component
analysis
derive
P300b
from
EEG
traces
linear
modeling
stimulus‐related
response
potentially
confounding
action‐related
response.
These
steps
revealed
that,
once
complexity
ERP
targets
is
accounted
for,
amplitude
dilations
are
tightly
positively
correlated
(across
participants:
r
=
.69
p
.002),
supporting
coordinated
generation.
Applied Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(8), С. 3158 - 3158
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024
Task
batteries
mimicking
user
tasks
are
of
high
heuristic
value.
Supposedly,
they
measure
individual
human
aptitude
regarding
the
task
in
question.
However,
less
is
often
known
about
underlying
mechanisms
or
functions
that
account
for
performance
such
complex
batteries.
This
also
true
Multi-Attribute
Battery
(MATB-II).
The
MATB-II
a
computer
display
task.
It
aims
to
control
operations
on
flight
console.
Using
and
visual-search
spatial
attention,
we
tested
if
capture
attention
bottom-up
top-down
way
predicted
MATB-II.
important
understand
questions
as
how
implement
warning
signals
visual
displays
human–computer
interaction
what
practice
during
training
operating
with
displays.
To
visuospatial
used
both
classical
task-performance
measures
(i.e.,
reaction
times
accuracy)
well
novel
unobtrusive
real-time
pupillometry.
latter
was
done
pupil
size
covaries
demands.
A
large
number
analyses
showed
that:
(1)
Top-down
measured
before
after
positively
correlated.
(2)
Test-retest
reliability
given
but
smaller
degree.
As
expected,
two
were
negatively
correlated
one
another.
(3)
neither
significantly
overall
performance,
nor
(4)
any
subtask
measures.
even
required
(as
system
monitoring
MATB-II).
(5)
Neither
did
pupillometry
predict
MATB-II’s
subtasks.
Yet,
(6)
discriminated
between
different
stages
monitoring.
finding
indicated
temporal
segregation
necessary
their
correct
interpretation,
caution
advised
average
pupil-size
demands
across
time
points
within
tasks.
Finally,
observed
surprising
effects
workload
(or
cognitive
load)
manipulation
itself,
namely,
better
under
high-
rather
than
low-workload
conditions.
findings
imply
itself
poses
its
rationale,
besides
allowing
occasional
usage
more
applied
research.
Royal Society Open Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(10)
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024
Pupillary
responses
serve
as
sensitive
indicators
of
cognitive
processes,
attentional
shifts
and
decision-making
dynamics.
Our
study
investigates
how
directional
uncertainty
target
speed
(
V
T
)
influence
pupillary
in
a
foveal
tracking
task
involving
the
interception
moving
dot.
Directional
uncertainty,
reflecting
unpredictability
target’s
direction
changes,
was
manipulated
by
altering
angular
range
(AR)
from
which
random
directions
for
dot
were
extracted.
Higher
AR
values
associated
with
reduced
diameters,
indicating
that
heightened
led
to
smaller
pupil
sizes.
Additionally,
an
inverse
U-shaped
relationship
between
suggested
maximal
diameters
at
intermediate
speeds.
Analysis
saccade-triggered
showed
negative
correlation
diameter
uncertainty.
Dynamic
linear
modelling
revealed
past
successful
collisions
other
behavioural
parameters
on
responses,
emphasizing
intricate
interaction
variables
processing.
results
highlight
dynamic
interplay
single
target,
implications
understanding
mechanisms,
processes
potential
applications
emerging
technologies.
Early
visual
cortex
exhibits
widespread
hemodynamic
responses
in
the
absence
of
stimulation,
which
are
entrained
to
timing
a
task
and
not
predicted
by
local
spiking
or
field
potential.
Such
task-related
(TRRs)
covary
with
reward
magnitude
physiological
signatures
arousal.
It
is
unknown,
however,
if
TRRs
change
on
trial-to-trial
basis
according
behavioral
performance
difficulty.
If
so,
this
would
suggest
that
reflect
arousal
timescale
critical
variables.
We
measured
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
blood-oxygen-level-dependent
(fMRI-BOLD)
early
human
observers
performing
an
orientation
discrimination
consisting
separate
easy
hard
runs
trials.
Stimuli
were
presented
small
portion
one
hemifield,
but
fMRI
response
was
ipsilateral
hemisphere,
far
from
stimulus
representation
focus
spatial
attention.
scaled
amplitude
difficulty,
accuracy,
reaction
time,
lapses
across
These
modulations
explained
influence
respiration,
cardiac
activity,
head
movement
signal.
Similar
difficulty
behavior
observed
pupil
size.
results
individual
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024
Abstract
Many
decisions
entail
the
updating
of
beliefs
about
state
environment,
a
process
that
may
go
awry
in
psychosis.
When
environments
are
subject
to
hidden
changes
their
state,
optimal
belief
requires
non-linear
modulation
sensory
evidence,
which
be
subserved
by
pupil-linked,
phasic
arousal.
Here,
we
analyzed
behavior
and
pupil
responses
during
evidence
accumulation
changing
environment
community
sample
human
participants
assessed
subclinical
psychotic
experiences
(psychosis
proneness).
Subjects
most
prone
psychosis
showed
overall
less
flexible
profiles,
with
diminished
weighting
late
evidence.
These
same
subjects
also
exhibited
smaller
reliable
encoding
computational
variables
governing
adaptive
updating.
The
observed
arousal
dynamics
account
for
emergence
cognitive
biases
psychopathology.
Our
results
open
new
window
on
pathophysiology
mental
disorders.
