Recursive
procedures
that
allow
placing
a
vocal
signal
inside
another
of
similar
kind
provide
neuro-computational
blueprint
for
syntax
and
phonology
in
spoken
language
human
song.
There
are,
however,
no
known
sequences
among
nonhuman
primates
arranged
self-embedded
patterns
evince
recursion
or
potential
incipient
evolutionary
transitional
forms
thereof,
suggesting
neuro-cognitive
transformation
exclusive
to
humans.
Here,
we
uncover
wild
flanged
male
orangutan
long
calls
feature
rhythmically
isochronous
call
nested
within
sequences,
consistent
with
two
hierarchical
strata.
Remarkably,
three
temporally
acoustically
distinct
rhythms
the
lower
stratum
were
not
related
overarching
rhythm
at
higher
by
any
low
multiples,
which
suggests
these
recursive
structures
neither
result
parallel
non-hierarchical
nor
anatomical
artifacts
bodily
constraints
resonances.
Findings
represent
case
hominid
combinatorics
absence
syntax,
semantics,
phonology,
music.
Second-order
combinatorics,
'sequences
sequences',
involving
hierarchically
organized
cyclically
structured
sounds
ancient
hominids
may
have
preluded
evolution
modern
language-able
Nature Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
6(2), С. 203 - 211
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022
Abstract
Rapidly
transitioning
the
global
energy
system
to
renewables
is
considered
necessary
combat
climate
change.
Current
estimates
suggest
that
at
least
30
transition
minerals
and
metals
(ETMs)
form
material
base
for
transition.
The
inventory
of
ETMs
indicates
a
high
level
intersectionality
with
territories
less
impacted
by
historic
forces
industrialization.
To
identify
current
footprint,
5,097
ETM
projects
were
geo-located
against
indicators
indigeneity,
human
modification
land,
food
production,
water
risk,
conflict,
as
well
capacity
measures
project
permitting,
consultation
consent.
Study
results
differentiate
improve
visibility
over
linkages
between
technology,
resources
sustainability
objectives.
Our
analysis
reveals
more
than
half
resource
located
on
or
near
lands
Indigenous
peasant
peoples,
two
groups
whose
rights
free
prior
informed
consent
are
embedded
in
United
Nations
declarations.
To
what
extent
do
extractive
and
industrial
development
pressures
affect
Indigenous
Peoples'
lifeways,
lands,
rights
globally?
We
analyze
3081
environmental
conflicts
over
projects
to
quantify
exposure
11
reported
social-environmental
impacts
jeopardizing
the
United
Nations
Declaration
on
Rights
of
Peoples.
Peoples
are
affected
in
at
least
34%
all
documented
worldwide.
More
than
three-fourths
these
caused
by
mining,
fossil
fuels,
dam
projects,
agriculture,
forestry,
fisheries,
livestock
(AFFL)
sector.
Landscape
loss
(56%
cases),
livelihood
(52%),
land
dispossession
(50%)
occur
globally
most
often
significantly
more
frequent
AFFL
The
resulting
burdens
jeopardize
impede
realization
global
justice.
One Earth,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
6(8), С. 1032 - 1049
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023
Indigenous
Peoples
are
custodians
of
many
the
world's
least-exploited
natural
areas.
These
places
local
and
global
socio-ecological
importance
face
significant
threats
from
industrial
development
expansion,
but
risk
conversion
these
lands
remains
unclear.
Here
we
combine
datasets
Peoples'
lands,
their
current
ecological
condition,
future
pressure
to
assess
threats.
To
vulnerability
conversion,
create
an
index
based
on
indicators
strength
security
rights
territories
resources,
representation
engagement
in
decisions
impacting
them,
capital
available
support
conservation
sustainable
development.
We
find
that
nearly
60%
(22.7
million
km2)
threatened
64
countries.
Among
37
countries
with
highest
threat,
socio-economic
political
vulnerabilities
increase
risk,
particularly
limited
recognition
protection
territorial
rights.
suggest
strategies
actions
bolster
self-determination,
rights,
leadership
reduce
this
foster
well-being.
Recursive
procedures
that
allow
placing
a
vocal
signal
inside
another
of
similar
kind
provide
neuro-computational
blueprint
for
syntax
and
phonology
in
spoken
language
human
song.
There
are,
however,
no
known
sequences
among
nonhuman
primates
arranged
self-embedded
patterns
evince
recursion
or
potential
incipient
evolutionary
transitional
forms
thereof,
suggesting
neuro-cognitive
transformation
exclusive
to
humans.
Here,
we
uncover
wild
flanged
male
orangutan
long
calls
feature
rhythmically
isochronous
call
nested
within
sequences,
consistent
with
two
hierarchical
strata.
Remarkably,
three
temporally
acoustically
distinct
rhythms
the
lower
stratum
were
not
related
overarching
rhythm
at
higher
by
any
low
multiples,
which
suggests
these
recursive
structures
neither
result
parallel
non-hierarchical
nor
anatomical
artifacts
bodily
constraints
resonances.
Findings
represent
case
hominid
combinatorics
absence
syntax,
semantics,
phonology,
music.
Second-order
combinatorics,
‘sequences
sequences’,
involving
hierarchically
organized
cyclically
structured
sounds
ancient
hominids
may
have
preluded
evolution
modern
language-able
Frontiers in Conservation Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024
A
growing
global
human
population,
habitat
conversion,
and
the
indiscriminate
exploitation
of
natural
resources
have
created
unsustainable
demands
on
nature,
resulting
in
widespread
biodiversity
loss.
Primates,
which
represent
third
most
specious
Order
mammals,
are
facing
an
extinction
crisis.
Currently,
69%
primate
species
listed
by
IUCN
as
threatened
(Vulnerable,
Endangered,
or
Critically
Endangered)
94%
declining
populations.
Here,
we
examine
two
primary
threats
to
population
persistence,
namely
commercialized
hunting
capturing
wild
primates
their
body
parts
for
food,
traditional
medicine,
pets,
use
biomedical
research.
Both
legal
wildlife
trade
illegal
trafficking
multibillion-dollar
industries
that
contribute
decline,
a
reduction
genetic
diversity,
local
extirpation.
Trade
also
can
lead
emergence
infectious
diseases,
increasing
biosecurity
risks
humans.
Between
2015
2021,
CITES
reported
337,511
live
representing
at
least
99
were
legally
traded,
with
6.5%
sourced
directly
from
wild.
The
recent
indictment
Cambodian
officials
allegedly
laundering
wild-caught
long-tailed
macaques
into
U.S.
labelling
them
captive-bred,
highlights
need
greater
transparency
accountability.
Comprehensive
data
extremely
difficult
obtain.
However,
between
2009
2017,
accounted
20%
all
seizures
illegally
traded
mammals
air
transport
sector.
International
is
dominated
criminal
networks,
corruption,
driven
wealthy
consumers.
In
addition,
internet
has
expanded
international
opportunities
connect
buyers
sellers
parts.
Despite
explicit
bans
selling
endangered
primates,
social
media
sites
continue
do
so.
Moreover,
food
security
index
(GFSI)
indicate
demand
meat,
other
continued
increase,
majority
people
range
nations
remained
insecure.
Given
almost
70%
negatively
impacted
trapping,
offer
set
recommendations
reduce
primates.
African Journal of Ecology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
63(2)
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2025
ABSTRACT
Africa's
unparalleled
biodiversity
and
cultural
heritage
are
closely
tied
to
Indigenous
Peoples
(IP)
their
traditional
ecological
knowledge
(TEK)
systems,
which
offers
vital
insights
into
conservation
sustainability.
This
editorial
highlights
the
active
role
of
African
IP
in
food
system
resilience,
emphasising
urgent
need
forge
equitable
partnerships
across
systems
rather
than
subordinating
TEK
scientific
(SK).
TEK,
embedded
centuries
observation
practices,
informs
processes
sustainable
resource
use.
However,
climate
change,
land
dispossession
erosion,
among
other
drivers,
threaten
these
communities
that
uphold
them.
A
collaborative
approach
respects
sovereignty
can
foster
interdisciplinary
efforts.
aligns
with
ongoing
efforts
at
international
scene,
such
as
Kunming–Montreal
Global
Biodiversity
Framework,
explicitly
recognises
rights
IP,
well
those
local
multiple
targets,
including
rights,
access
justice.
The
challenge
remains:
How
commitments
translate
equitable,
rights‐based
on
ground?
It
is
crucial
ensure
policy
practice
consistent
United
Nations
Declaration
Rights
moral
responsibility.
Equally
important
fostering
shared
interests
between
conservationists
by
engaging
open
dialogue
about
conflicts
interest
building
trust
communities.
By
integrating
principles,
sciences
move
beyond
theoretical
genuine,
participatory
respect
sustain
IP's
stewardship
nature.
