Enhancing Tree Performance Through Species Mixing: Review of a Quarter-Century of TreeDivNet Experiments Reveals Research Gaps and Practical Insights

Current Forestry Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(1), С. 1 - 20

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Microclimate modulation: An overlooked mechanism influencing the impact of plant diversity on ecosystem functioning

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract Changes in climate and biodiversity are widely recognized as primary global change drivers of ecosystem structure functioning, also affecting services provided to human populations. Increasing plant diversity not only enhances functioning stability but mitigates effects buffers extreme weather conditions, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Recent studies have shown that can mitigate (e.g. reduce temperature fluctuations or drought through microclimatic effects) different compartments focal ecosystem, which such may contribute effect on properties functioning. However, these potential diversity‐induced microclimate sufficiently understood. Here, we explored consequences modulation modification by for a mechanism contributing documented biodiversity–ecosystem (BEF) relationships, using combination theoretical simulation approaches. We focused diverse set response variables at various levels integration ranging from ecosystem‐level carbon exchange soil enzyme activity, including population dynamics activity specific organisms. demonstrated vegetation layer composed many species has influence thus mitigating negative impacts extremes Integrating processes temperature, humidity light modulation) BEF relationships is promising avenue improve our understanding better predict future structure, services. In addition, management monitoring should be seen tool practitioners adapt ecosystems change.

Язык: Английский

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Biomass recovery along a tropical forest succession: Trends on tree diversity, wood traits and stand structure

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 555, С. 121709 - 121709

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Forest growth resistance and resilience to the 2018–2020 drought depend on tree diversity and mycorrhizal type

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(8), С. 1787 - 1803

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024

Abstract The frequency of consecutive drought years is predicted to increase due climate change. These droughts have strong negative impacts on forest ecosystems. Mixing tree species proposed the resistance and resilience communities. However, this promising diversity effect has not yet been investigated under extreme conditions in context complementary mycorrhizal associations their potential role improving water uptake. Here, we investigate whether promotes growth responses are modulated by associations. We used inventory data (2015–2021) from a young experiment Germany, manipulating richness (1, 2 4 species) type (communities containing arbuscular [AM] or ectomycorrhizal [EM] species, both). For all communities, calculated basal area increment periods before, during after concepts quantify drought. found declines 2018–2020 for most Contrary our hypothesis, did find that per se can buffer growth. while EM decreased with richness, they increased AM communities comprising both types. highlight among various mixtures only those mixed types outperformed respective monocultures Furthermore, drought, community tends segregate into ‘winner’ ‘loser’ terms diversity, indicating possible intensification competition. While cannot disentangle underlying mechanisms clarify mycorrhiza findings suggest within could help safeguard forests against increasing frequency. Synthesis . Drought depend association diverse holds promise restoration face

Язык: Английский

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Belowground energy fluxes determine tree diversity effects on above- and belowground food webs

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Worldwide tree diversity loss raises concerns about functional and energetic declines across trophic levels. In this study, we coupled 160 above- belowground food webs, quantifying energy fluxes to microorganisms invertebrates in a tree-mycorrhiza experiment, test how affects of above below the ground. The experiment differentiates three mycorrhizal type treatments: only AM species (with arbuscular mycorrhizae), EcM ectomycorrhizae; one, two, four species), or mixtures both (AM+EcM; two species). Our results indicate that most initially flowed through communities, with soil contributing 97.7% total fauna accounting for 60.9% animals. Consequently, fueled surface (62.3% predation) aboveground (30.5% predators. Tree increased ecosystem multifunctionality (indicated by averaged fluxes) ∼30% levels while it shifted webs from fast (such as bacterial-dominated) slow fungal-dominated) channels communities. primarily impacted communities strengthened coupling increasing importance prey predators at These findings highlight types drive functioning via fluxes.

Язык: Английский

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Changes in biodiversity impact atmospheric chemistry and climate through plant volatiles and particles

Communications Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2023

Abstract Climate extremes in tandem with biodiversity change affect plant emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, as a result, the formation secondary aerosols. The resulting aerosols can have wide variety impacts, such on Earth’s radiative balance or cloud- and precipitation formation. However, at present, it is unclear how changing will lead to changes compound emissions, their corresponding effects. We present conceptual framework relationships between based our current mechanistic understanding combining knowledge from fields biology atmospheric chemistry. Parts this are tested case study using tree diversity experiment. relative differences monocultures mixtures show that overall concentration compounds decreases increasing biodiversity, but results for mixed non-significant. A deeper influences aerosol requires in-depth investigations microclimate conditions, accurate monitoring above- below-ground biotic abiotic stress, manipulating stress conditions across long-term experiments.

Язык: Английский

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Factors driving carbon accumulation in forest biomass and soil organic carbon across natural forests and planted forests in China

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

Introduction Forests play a pivotal role within the global carbon cycle. However, how to enhance storage in existing forests remains unclear. Methods In this study, we conduct comprehensive analysis of data from 2,948 forest sites across China. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), investigate intricate relationship between climate, tree species diversity, stand structure, function traits, initial biomass stocks (BCi), soil organic (Soil C content), and accumulation (ΔBC) (ΔSOC) both natural (NF, n = 1,910) planted (PF, 1,038). Results Our findings underscore critical influence diversity structure drivers direct indirect accumulation, with distinct emerging based on pools NF PF. Specifically, increasing its minimum maximum value through management-results 14.798 tC/ha reduction BC 0.686 SOC NF. Conversely, amplifies PF by 0.338 0.065 tC/ha, respectively. Enhancing structure-such as density-results 231.727 NF, 10.668 64.008 increment Discussion Overall, our results indicate that higher density age-group limits further current contrast, low development potential forests. To sequestration capacity, China should change policy completely banning logging Natural need thinning reduced while increase density.

Язык: Английский

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Tree diversity and mycorrhizal type co‐determine multitrophic ecosystem functions

Journal of Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 112(3), С. 528 - 546

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

Abstract The relationship between biodiversity and multitrophic ecosystem functions (BEF) remains poorly studied in forests. There have been inconsistent reports regarding the significance of tree diversity effects on functions, which may be better understood by considering critical biotic interactions trees. This study investigates role tree‐mycorrhizal associations that shape forest BEF relationships across multiple functions. We used a field experiment (MyDiv) comprises 10 deciduous species associated with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi to create gradients richness (1, 2, 4 species) different communities (only AM‐species [AM species] EcM‐species [EcM species], combination both). investigated types crucial (foliage damage, predation [using artificial caterpillars] soil fauna feeding activity [~0–10 cm]) assessed how these were mediated stand characteristics. Overall, we found strongly affected Compared monocultures, 4‐species mixtures both experienced significantly lower foliage damage. supported higher (i.e. greater proportion caterpillars being attacked), this effect strengthened richness. negative all layer. Moreover, showed above‐ground biomass, vertical structural complexity leaf quality, dominating mechanisms largely depending types. Synthesis . Tree functioning (1) directly decreasing damage types, where benefited from mixing EcM‐species, (2) increasing rates via changes EcM‐species. Our results highlight importance for managing well‐functioning mixed‐species forests contribute broadening mechanistic understanding context‐dependent

Язык: Английский

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Increase in forest structural complexity along a precipitation gradient is mediated by partial harvests in temperate Patagonian forests

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Increasing forest structural complexity is becoming a common goal in forestry worldwide. However, the lack of empirical quantification clouds its implementation. Here we quantified long-term effects (> 30 y) partial harvest on stand and net primary productivity using east-west precipitation gradient (318-2508 mm, mean annual precipitation-MAP) western Patagonian as study system. In this gradient, pairs 1-ha plots 20 sites (20 harvested unharvested) were installed. each plot terrestrial laser scanning was used to quantify index (SSCI), Sentinel satellite images obtain Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI: proxy productivity). Generalized linear mixed-effect models relate SSCI MAP EVI SSCI, with harvesting indicator variable, site random variable (two nested same precipitation). Results showed that mesic-to-humid (but not dry sites) had higher values compared unharvested plots, likely due greater vertical canopy packing. These results show influence which resulted more diversified structure EVI. Such insights support site-specific management aimed increase complexity.

Язык: Английский

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Characterizing local forest structural complexity based on multi-platform and -sensor derived indicators

Ecological Indicators, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 170, С. 113085 - 113085

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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