Methods for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation: Relevance for Encapsulated miRNAs in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

Genes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(3), С. 330 - 330

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that facilitate intercellular communication by carrying essential biomolecules under physiological and pathological conditions including microRNAs (miRNAs). They found in various body fluids, such as blood, urine, saliva, their levels fluctuate with disease progression, making them valuable diagnostic tools. However, isolating EVs is challenging due to small size biological complexity. Here, we summarize the principles behind most common EV isolation methods ultracentrifugation, precipitation, immunoaffinity, sorting, ultrafiltration, exclusion chromatography, microfluidics while highlighting protocol strengths weaknesses. We also review main strategies identify quantify circulating miRNAs a particular focus on EV-encapsulated miRNAs. Since these hold special clinical interest derived from superior stability therapeutic potential, information provided here should provide guidance for future research initiatives promising field of treatment based

Язык: Английский

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A novel viscoelastic microfluidic platform for nanoparticle/small extracellular vesicle separation through viscosity gradient-induced migration

Biomicrofluidics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(3)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, harboring proteins and nucleic acids that reflect their source cells act as vital mediators of intercellular communication. The comprehensive analysis sEVs is hindered by the complex composition biofluids contain various vesicles. Conventional separation methods, such ultracentrifugation immunoaffinity capture, face routine challenges in operation complexity, cost, compromised recovery rates. Microfluidic technologies, particularly viscoelastic microfluidics, offer a promising alternative for sEV due its field-free nature, fast simple procedure, minimal sample consumption. In this context, we here introduce an innovative approach designed exploit viscosity gradient-induced force size-dependent characteristics, thereby enabling efficient nano-sized particles larger impurities. We first seek illustrate underlying mechanism force, followed experimental validation fluorescent nanoparticles demonstrating results consistent qualitative analysis. believe work report phenomenon microfluidic context. presented achieves ∼80% both target purity rate. further demonstrate effective using our device showcase efficacy real biological highlighting potential versatile, label-free platform fundamental research clinical applications.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles for cancer therapy: potential, progress, and clinical challenges

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in normal life activities and disease treatment. In recent years, there have been abundant relevant studies focusing on EVs for cancer therapy showing good performance tumor inhibition. To enhance the effectiveness of EVs, EV analogs developed. This review summarizes classification, origin, production, purification, modification, drug loading treatment applications their analogs. Also, characteristics technologies involved are analyzed, which provides basis development application biogenic vesicle-based delivery platform therapy. Meanwhile, challenges translating these into clinic, such as limited sources, lack production standards, insufficient targeting discussed. With ongoing exploration clinical studies, EV-based drugs will make great contributions to

Язык: Английский

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Spherical DNA Nanomotors Enable Ultrasensitive Detection of Active Enzymes in Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Diagnosis

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2024

Abstract Enzymes encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold promise as biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. However, precise measurement of their catalytic activities within EVs remains a notable challenge. Here, we report an enzymatically triggered spherical DNA nanomotor (EDM) that enables one‐pot, cascaded, and highly sensitive analysis the activity EV‐associated or free apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1, key enzyme base excision repair) across various biological samples. The EDM capitalizes on APE1‐triggered activation DNAzyme (Dz) its autonomous cleavage substrates to achieve nonlinear signal amplification. Using EDM, demonstrate strong correlation between APE1 parental cells. Additionally, EV mirrors fluctuation cellular response chemotherapy‐induced damage. In pilot clinical study ( n =63), EDM‐based assay reveals more than 80 % active serum samples is EV‐encapsulated. Notably, can differentiate prostate (PCa) patients from healthy donors (HDs) with overall accuracy 92 %, outperforming sera. We anticipate will become versatile tool quantifying enzymes.

Язык: Английский

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Engineered extracellular vesicles: an emerging nanomedicine therapeutic platform

Chemical Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Extracellular vesicles have been deemed as potential drug carriers for treatment of various diseases. Recent advances summarized, including the sources, delivery function, extraction and cargo-loading technology extracellular vesicles.

Язык: Английский

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