National Science Review,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12(4)
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
ABSTRACT
Thermal-stiffening
hydrogels
exhibit
a
dramatic
soft-to-stiff
transition
upon
heating,
making
them
ideal
candidates
for
temperature-triggered
self-protection
and
shape
memory
applications.
However,
their
practical
use
is
still
hampered
by
slow
recovery
process
(generally
>30
min)
during
cooling,
attributed
to
sluggish
mass
diffusion
delayed
phase
dissolution.
Herein,
we
present
high-entropy
separation
design
significantly
accelerate
the
dynamics
of
these
materials.
We
demonstrate
this
concept
using
thermal-stiffening
poly(calcium
acrylate)-based
copolymer
hydrogel
incorporating
hydrophilic
units.
Mechanistically,
units
disrupt
dense
packing
clusters,
creating
topological
structure
with
low
energy
barrier
rapid
diffusion.
This
approach
retains
impressive
response
760-fold
increase
in
storage
modulus,
while
dramatically
reducing
characteristic
time
merely
28
s.
anticipate
strategy
be
broadly
applicable
designing
modulus-adaptive
materials
fast
switching
dynamics.
Flexible
wearable
sensors
with
bimodal
functionality
offer
substantial
value
for
human
health
monitoring,
as
relying
on
a
single
indicator
is
insufficient
capturing
comprehensive
physiological
information.
However,
face
multiple
challenges
in
practical
applications,
including
mutual
interference
between
various
modalities,
and
integration
of
excellent
mechanical
properties,
interfacial
adhesion,
environmental
adaptability
biocompatibility.
Herein,
the
multifunctional
hydrogel,
synthesized
through
radical
grafting
supramolecular
self-crosslinking
reactions,
exhibits
thermal
sensitivity
(TCR
=
-1.70%
°C-1),
high
toughness
(9.31
MJ
m-
3),
wide
strain
range
(0-600%),
outstanding
adhesion
strength
(36.07
kPa),
antifreeze,
visualization,
water
retention,
biocompatibility,
antibacterial
antioxidant
capabilities.
Leveraging
its
conductivity,
this
hydrogel
can
be
applied
electroluminescent,
triboelectricity,
electromyography
message
encryption.
Moreover,
fabricated
smart
temperature
monitoring.
To
avoid
two
signals,
system
"IS"-shaped
configuration
innovatively
designed
based
finite
element
simulation
results.
The
flexible
circuit
modules,
data
transmission
form
closed-loop
platform
rehabilitation
training
patients
arthritis
or
joint
surgery.
This
strategy
establishes
decoupling
self-calibrating
utilizing
material
to
accurately
detect
parameters,
advancing
electronics
personalized
medicine.
Cyborg and Bionic Systems,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
6
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Materials
that
establish
functional,
stable
interfaces
to
targeted
tissues
for
long-term
monitoring/stimulation
equipped
with
diagnostic/therapeutic
capabilities
represent
breakthroughs
in
biomedical
research
and
clinical
medicine.
A
fundamental
challenge
is
the
mechanical
chemical
mismatch
between
implants
ultimately
results
device
failure
corrosion
by
biofluids
associated
foreign
body
response.
Of
particular
interest
development
of
bioactive
materials
at
level
chemistry
mechanics
high-performance,
minimally
invasive
function,
simultaneously
tissue-like
compliance
vivo
biocompatibility.
This
review
summarizes
most
recent
progress
these
purposes,
an
emphasis
on
material
properties
such
as
response,
integration
schemes
biological
tissues,
their
use
bioelectronic
platforms.
The
article
begins
overview
emerging
classes
platforms
bio-integration
proven
utility
live
animal
models,
high
performance
different
form
factors.
Subsequent
sections
various
flexible,
soft
materials,
ranging
from
self-healing
hydrogel/elastomer
bio-adhesive
composites
materials.
Additional
discussions
highlight
examples
active
systems
support
electrophysiological
mapping,
stimulation,
drug
delivery
treatments
related
diseases,
spatiotemporal
resolutions
span
cellular
organ-scale
dimension.
Envisioned
applications
involve
advanced
brain,
cardiac,
other
organ
systems,
offer
stability
human
subjects
models.
Results
will
inspire
continuing
advancements
functions
benign
thus
yielding
therapy
diagnostics
healthcare.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025
Abstract
Hydrogel‐based
electrodes
are
widely
used
in
electrophysiological
monitoring
for
personal
disease
prevention
and
home‐based
healthcare.
However,
limited
by
the
hydrogels’
low
toughness,
poor
adhesion,
weak
electrical
stability,
motion
artifacts
device
detachments
inevitable
after
long‐term,
continuous
monitoring.
Herein,
novel
liquid
metal@silk
fibroin
peptide
(LM@SF)
core‐shell
particles,
which
shell
SF
not
only
facilitates
core
LM's
dispersion
but
also
stabilizes
free
radicals,
designed
to
initiate
situ
formation
of
hydrogel
while
simultaneously
enhancing
its
conductivity.
As
applied
monitoring,
can
maintain
both
a
stable
physical
interface
transmission
skin,
thus
promoting
signal
acquisition
quality
obviously
even
during
exercise
long‐term
wearing.
At
last,
portable
flexible
patch
with
small
volume
(70
×
35
2
mm)
light
weight
(7
g)
is
developed
achieve
electrocardiogram
(ECG)
via
wireless
transmission,
demonstrating
high
potentials
telemedicine.
Gels,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(4), С. 258 - 258
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Conductive
hydrogels,
integrating
high
conductivity,
mechanical
flexibility,
and
biocompatibility,
have
emerged
as
crucial
materials
driving
the
evolution
of
next-generation
wearable
sensors.
Their
unique
ability
to
establish
seamless
interfaces
with
biological
tissues
enables
real-time
acquisition
physiological
signals,
external
stimuli,
even
therapeutic
feedback,
paving
way
for
intelligent
health
monitoring
personalized
medical
interventions.
To
fully
harness
their
potential,
significant
efforts
been
dedicated
tailoring
conductive
networks,
properties,
environmental
stability
these
hydrogels
through
rational
design
systematic
optimization.
This
review
comprehensively
summarizes
strategies
categorized
into
metal-based,
carbon-based,
polymer-based,
ionic,
hybrid
systems.
For
each
type,
highlights
structural
principles,
conductivity
enhancement,
approaches
simultaneously
enhance
robustness
long-term
under
complex
environments.
Furthermore,
emerging
applications
in
sensing
systems
are
thoroughly
discussed,
covering
signal
monitoring,
mechano-responsive
platforms,
closed-loop
diagnostic–therapeutic
Finally,
this
identifies
key
challenges
offers
future
perspectives
guide
development
multifunctional,
intelligent,
scalable
hydrogel
sensors,
accelerating
translation
advanced
flexible
electronics
smart
healthcare
technologies.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(25)
Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024
Stretchable
ionic
conductors
are
crucial
for
enabling
advanced
iontronic
devices
to
operate
under
diverse
deformation
conditions.
However,
when
employed
as
interconnects,
existing
struggle
maintain
stable
conduction
strain,
hindering
high-fidelity
signal
transmission.
Here,
it
is
shown
that
strain-insensitive
can
be
achieved
by
creating
a
solid-liquid
bicontinuous
microstructure.
A
fiber
from
polymerization-induced
phase
separation,
which
contains
solid
elastomer
interpenetrated
liquid
ion-conducting
phase,
fabricated.
The
spontaneous
partitioning
of
dissolved
salts
leads
the
formation
robust
self-wrinkled
interface,
fostering
development
highly
tortuous
channels.
Upon
stretch,
these
meandering
channels
straightened,
effectively
enhancing
conductivity
counteract
strain
effect.
Remarkably,
retains
till
fracture,
with
only
7%
resistance
increase
at
200%
strain.
This
approach
presents
promising
avenue
designing
durable
cables
capable
transmission
minimal
strain-induced
distortion.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2024
Abstract
The
preparation
of
high‐performance
and
fire‐safe
electrolytes
for
flexible
quasi‐solid‐state
supercapacitors
is
challenging.
In
this
work,
a
novel
multifunctional
deep
eutectic
solvent
gel
(DESG)
fabricated
using
acrylic
acid
urea
as
hydrogen
bond
donors
choline
chloride
acceptor.
DESG
shows
high
ionic
conductivity
(0.552
S
m
−1
),
good
electrochemical
performance
(specific
capacitance:
106.8
F
g
wide
operating
temperature
range
(−20–90
°C),
being
promising
candidate
solid‐state
supercapacitors.
Furthermore,
it
exhibits
thermoelectric
conversion
capability
(Seebeck
coefficient:
1.56
mV
K
ideal
capacitors
fire‐warning
sensors.
prepared
rapidly
self‐extinguishes
after
removal
from
fire,
reaching
limiting
oxygen
index
value
38.0%
demonstrating
its
excellent
flame
retardancy.
addition,
has
self‐healing
(healing
efficiency
84.3%).
work
provides
new
insights
into
the
application
fire‐safety
eutectogels
Advanced Functional Materials,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2024
Abstract
Flexible
hydrogel
film
sensors
have
great
advantages
as
human–machine
interfaces
for
conformal
contact
with
bio‐tissues,
but
suffer
from
weakness
and
dehydration,
compromising
flexibility
performance.
Here,
a
breathable,
highly
stretchable,
anti‐dehydrating
ultrathin
organohydrogel
skin‐attachable
strain
sensor
long‐term
motion
monitoring
is
developed.
An
electrospun
TPU
(eTPU)
nanomesh
hidden
strength
used
skeleton
to
host
in
situ
free
radical
polymerization
of
2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl
propane
sulfonic
acid
(AMPS)
acrylamide
(AAm)
form
an
interpenetrating
double
network
glycerol
water
solvent.
Extensive
hydrogen
bonding
between
eTPU
P(AMPS‐
co
‐AAm)
yields
(≈200
µm)
synergetic
deformation
energy
dissipation
upon
stretching,
leading
record‐high
stretchability
up
920%,
fracture
toughness
20.14
MJ
m
−3
,
10
000
J
−2
robustness
over
4000
notched
stretching
cylcles
50%
strain.
The
binary
glycerol/water
solvent
imparts
excellent
anti‐dehydration
at
room
temperature
d,
stable
sensory
performance
−20
60
°C.
With
high
vapor
transmission
rate
1.3
kg
d
−1
the
ensures
comfortable
skin
continuous
knee
flexion
throughout
day
signals.
These
are
promising
wearable
applications.
