Low-Friction Soft Robots for Targeted Bacterial Infection Treatment in Gastrointestinal Tract

Cyborg and Bionic Systems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Untethered and self-transformable miniature robots are capable of performing reconfigurable deformation on-demand locomotion, which aid the traversal toward various lumens, bring revolutionary changes for targeted delivery in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, viscous non-Newtonian liquid environment plicae gastricae obstacles severely hamper high-precision actuation payload delivery. Here, we developed a low-friction soft robot by assembly densely arranged cone structures grafting hydrophobic monolayers. The magnetic orientation encoded can move multiple modes, with substantially reduced drag, terrain adaptability, improved motion velocity across liquids. Notably, stiffness be reversibly controlled magnetically induced hardening, enabling on-site scratching destruction antibiotic-ineradicable polymeric matrix biofilms low-frequency field. Furthermore, magnetocaloric effect utilized to eradicate bacteria under high-frequency alternating To verify potential applications inside body, clinical imaging-guided platforms were vision-based control robots. show their high perform bacterial infection therapy lumens body.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in Bioinspired Soft Robots: Fabrication, Actuation, Tracking, and Applications

Advanced Materials Technologies, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(21)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

Abstract Natural organisms offer a rich source for the construction of soft robots exhibiting autonomous and intelligent behaviors, encompassing attributes like motion, perception, adaptability to environmental shifts. Drawing inspiration from these biological models, multitude have emerged, each distinguished by unique structures functionalities enabling diverse actions, including swimming, crawling, swinging, walking, tumbling. In this review, several their motion modes perspective specific native species are addressed. The actuation methods discussed, chemical, electrical, ultrasonic, optical, magnetic mechanisms. Furthermore, application domains robots, areas such as vessel recanalization, targeted drug delivery, cargo manipulation, sensing explored, providing concise summary roles potentials. current challenges encountered in research field highlighted, promising directions pertaining emphasized.

Язык: Английский

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Magnetic Micro/nanorobots in Cancer Theranostics: From Designed Fabrication to Diverse Applications

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

Cancer poses a substantial threat and serious challenge to public human health, driving the promotion of sophisticated technologies for cancer therapy. While conventional chemotherapy has bottlenecks such as low delivery efficiency, strong toxic side effects, tumor enrichment barriers, magnetic micro/nanorobots (MNRs) emerge promising therapeutic candidates that provide alternative strategies MNR is kind human-made machine micro- or nanosized, reasonably designed, performs command tasks through self-actuated externally controlled propulsion mechanisms, which can be potentially applied in theranostics. Here, this review first introduces components constitute typical MNR, including body part, control function sensing part. Subsequently, elucidates representative fabrication methods construct MNRs from top-down approaches bottom-up approaches, covering injection molding, self-rolling, melt electrospinning writing, deposition, biotemplate method, lithography, assembling, 3D printing, chemical synthesis. Furthermore, focuses on multiple applications facing diagnosis treatment, encompassing imaging, quantification, drug release, synergy with therapies, cell manipulation, surgical assistance. Then, systematically elaborates biocompatibility biosafety MNRs. Finally, challenges faced by are discussed alongside future research directions. This intended scientific guidance may improve comprehension cognition theranostics platform MNRs, promoting prospering practical application development

Язык: Английский

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Active microgel particle swarms for intrabronchial targeted delivery

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(11)

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

Intrabronchial delivery of therapeutic agents is critical to the treatment respiratory diseases. Targeted demanded because off-target accumulation drugs in normal lung tissues caused by inhalation and limited motion dexterity clinical bronchoscopes tortuous bronchial trees. Herein, we developed microrobotic swarms consisting magnetic hydrogel microparticles achieve intrabronchial targeted delivery. Under programmed fields, microgel particle performed controllable locomotion adaptative structure reconfiguration air-filled environments. The were further integrated with imaging contrast for precise tracking under x-ray fluoroscopy computed tomography imaging. Magnetic navigation an ex vivo phantom into deep branches trees achieved. on-demand avoiding particles from entering nontarget bronchi tilted through climbing validated.

Язык: Английский

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Nanorobots mediated drug delivery for brain cancer active targeting and controllable therapeutics

Discover Nano, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2024

Brain cancer pose significant life-threats by destructively invading normal brain tissues, causing dysneuria, disability and death, its therapeutics is limited underdosage toxicity lying in conventional drug delivery that relied on passive delivery. The application of nanorobots-based systems an emerging field holds great potential for active targeting controllable treatment. ability nanorobots to encapsulate, transport, supply therapies directly the lesion site through blood–brain barriers makes it possible deliver drugs hard-to-reach areas. In order improve efficiency problems such as precision sustained release, are effectively realized converting other forms energy into propulsion motion, which considered high-efficiency methods this article, we described recent advances treatment with mainly from three aspects: firstly, development history characteristics reviewed; secondly, research progress comprehensively investigated, like driving mode mechanism described; thirdly, translation nanorobotics diseases discussed challenges opportunities future outlined.

Язык: Английский

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Miniature Robots for Battling Bacterial Infection

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(47), С. 32335 - 32363

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2024

Micro/nanorobots have shown great promise for minimally invasive bacterial infection therapy. However, infections usually form biofilms inside the body by aggregation and adhesion, preventing antibiotic penetration increasing likelihood of recurrence. Moreover, a substantial portion happens in those hard-to-access regions, making delivery antibiotics to infected sites or tissues difficult exacerbating challenge addressing infections. feature exceptional mobility controllability, are able deliver drugs specific (targeted delivery), enhance drug penetration. In particular, emergence bioinspired microrobot surface design strategies provided effective alternatives treating infections, thereby possible development resistance. this paper, we review recent advances design, mechanism, actuation modalities micro/nanorobots with antimicrobial features, highlighting active therapy derived complications at various organs, from laboratory bench vivo applications. The current challenges future research directions field summarized. Those breakthroughs offer huge potential clinical translation

Язык: Английский

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Micro/Nanorobots for Advanced Light‐Based Biosensing and Imaging

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2024

Abstract Sensing and imaging of biomolecules are crucial to disease diagnosis, prognosis, therapy where optical techniques have essential utility. Untethered remotely controlled micro/nanorobots shown promising sensing capabilities, especially in complex biological environments. In this review, how used for biosensing while highlighting the significant developments field is discussed. Starting done by exploring colorimetric methods enabled micro/nanorobots. Significant advancements surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy‐integrated reviewed. Further, state‐of‐the‐art bio‐imaging applications at vitro intracellular level highlighted. Novel vivo assisted micro/nanorobot sensors examined. Furthermore, innovations assessed motion augmentation as a detection mechanism, with point‐of‐care molecular diagnostics. Finally, challenges associated micro/nanorobots‐assisted advanced discussing insights about potential research directions rapidly progressing summarized.

Язык: Английский

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Magneto‐Thermal Hydrogel Swarms for Targeted Lesion Sealing

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2024

Abstract Magnetic microswarms capable of performing navigation to targeted lesions show great potential for in vivo medical applications. However, using the swarms lesion cavity filling encounters challenges from precise delivery and sealing. Herein, this work develops a magneto‐thermal hydrogel swarm consisting magnetic particles, which can perform phase transition induced by temperature change. The particles are prepared temperature‐responsive matrix, tissue adhesive monomers, microparticles. be remolded various shapes, it used seal perforation phantom gastric tissue. also serve as drug carriers, their release profiles changes characterized. Finally, delivery, adaptive filling, sealing ulcer achieved ex environments.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid Blood Clot Removal via Remote Delamination and Magnetization of Clot Debris

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 8, 2025

Abstract Micro/nano‐scale robotic devices are emerging as a cutting‐edge approach for precision intravascular therapies, offering the potential highly targeted drug delivery. While employing micro/nanorobotics stroke treatment is promising strategy due to its ability localize therapy and minimize dosage, current methods require prolonged durations, increasing risk of nerve tissue necrosis from extended hypoxia. Here programmable colloidal microswarm capable rapidly detaching blood clots vessel wall developed, enabling swift recanalization without need complete clot degradation. More importantly, detached debris, despite their random shapes, functions magnetic “debris‐robots” can be efficiently propelled through helical swimming within flowing vessels, followed by retrieval using catheter suction. The entire process—including delivery, controlled locomotion, detachment, retrieval—can completed in approximately half an hour, significantly saving time compared critical “Golden 6 hours” window treatment. This procedure greatly minimizes nanoparticle exposure bloodstream lowers secondary clotting distal marking significant advancement robotic‐assisted thrombolysis.

Язык: Английский

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Micrometer‐scale tPA beads amplify plasmin generation for enhanced thrombolytic therapy

Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

Abstract Rapid restoration of blood flow is critical in treating acute ischemic stroke. Current thrombolytic therapies using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are limited by low recanalization rates and risks off‐target bleeding. Here, we demonstrate that a remarkably simple adjustment—using micrometer‐scale rather than sub‐micrometer particles to immobilize tPA—fundamentally improves thrombolysis. By merely increasing the particle diameter from 0.1 1.0 μm, achieve dramatic shift lysis dynamics: μm tPA‐beads generate higher plasmin flux, readily overcome antiplasmin inhibition, trigger self‐propagating cascade fibrinolysis. This leads near‐complete clot dissolution at tPA doses nearly 100‐fold lower standard free tPA, both vitro murine model Within minutes, low‐dose beads fully restore flow, outperforming conventional therapies. Our results show simply scaling up size can resolve kinetic transport barriers thrombolysis, offering promising advancement stroke treatment with potential applications other thrombotic disorders.

Язык: Английский

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