Drivers of avian genomic change revealed by evolutionary rate decomposition

Nature, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Modern birds have diversified into a striking array of forms, behaviours and ecological roles. Analyses molecular evolutionary rates can reveal the links between genomic phenotypic change1–4, but disentangling drivers rate variation at whole-genome scale has been difficult. Using comprehensive estimates traits across family-level phylogeny birds5,6, we find that genome-wide mutation lineages are predominantly explained by clutch size generation length, whereas genes is driven content guanine cytosine. Here, to subsets dominate in birds, estimated influence individual on decomposed axes gene-specific rates. We most occurs along recent branches tree, associated with present-day families birds. Additional tests show rapid changes microchromosomes immediately after Cretaceous–Palaeogene transition. These apparent pulses evolution consistent major genetic machineries for meiosis, heart performance, RNA splicing, surveillance translation, correlate diversity reflected increased tarsus length. Collectively, our analyses paint nuanced picture avian evolution, revealing ancestors diverse underwent related mutation, gene usage niche expansion early Palaeogene period. Genomic identify dominant driving

Язык: Английский

The many origins of extremophile fishes

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 292(2046)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Extremophiles survive in environments that are considered uninhabitable for most living things. The evolution of extremophiles is great interest because how they may have contributed to the assembly ecosystems, yet evolutionary dynamics drive extremophile remain obscure. Here, we investigate Zoarcoidea , a lineage over 300 species fishes colonized both poles, deep sea, and hydrothermal vents. We show pulse habitat invasion occurred across 20 different zoarcoid lineages within last 8 million years, far after origin their prototypical innovation surviving cold water: type III antifreeze protein. Instead, secondary burst anatomical, physiological life history traits handful founder events extreme ecosystems appear propelled diversification. These results decentralize role changes organismal biology shaping radiations provide clear example combination ancient adaptations recent contingency shapes origination challenging habitats.

Язык: Английский

Holostean genomes reveal evolutionary novelty in the vertebrate immunoproteasome that have implications for MHCI function

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2024

Abstract Holosteans (gars and bowfins) have emerged as valuable models for understanding early vertebrate evolution, offering insights into diverse topics ranging from genomic architecture to molecular processes. These lineages also exhibit unusual features in their immune response, combining elements seen both tetrapods ray-finned fishes. However, the repertoire of holosteans remains relatively unexplored. Here, we investigate evolution PSMB8, a core component immunoproteasome responsible cleaving intracellular proteins peptides presentation by MHC class I molecules. We identify two holostean PSMB8 types—S type K type—that are unique among vertebrates. types likely cause significant biochemical changes S1 binding pocket involved antigen cleavage which could result novel I. Integrating comparative analyses across major fish demonstrates that bowfins gars independently evolved S within separate paralog lineages, while PSMB8-K is an evolutionary novelty found only gars. Our results provide new perspectives haplotypes role peptide processing, immunity presentation.

Язык: Английский