Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers

Science, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 347(6229)

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2015

Bees are subject to numerous pressures in the modern world. The abundance and diversity of flowers has declined; bees chronically exposed cocktails agrochemicals, they simultaneously novel parasites accidentally spread by humans. Climate change is likely exacerbate these problems future. Stressors do not act isolation; for example, pesticide exposure can impair both detoxification mechanisms immune responses, rendering more susceptible parasites. It seems certain that chronic multiple interacting stressors driving honey bee colony losses declines wild pollinators, but such interactions addressed current regulatory procedures, studying experimentally poses a major challenge. In meantime, taking steps reduce stress on would seem prudent; incorporating flower-rich habitat into farmland, reducing use through adopting sustainable farming methods, enforcing effective quarantine measures movements all practical should be adopted. Effective monitoring pollinator populations urgently needed inform management strategies

Язык: Английский

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Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being

Nature, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 540(7632), С. 220 - 229

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Seed coating with a neonicotinoid insecticide negatively affects wild bees

Nature, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 521(7550), С. 77 - 80

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2015

Язык: Английский

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Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 26(13), С. 3005 - 3035

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Delivery of crop pollination services is an insufficient argument for wild pollinator conservation

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2015

Abstract There is compelling evidence that more diverse ecosystems deliver greater benefits to people, and these ecosystem services have become a key argument for biodiversity conservation. However, it unclear how much needed in cost-effective way. Here we show that, while the contribution of wild bees crop production significant, service delivery restricted limited subset all known bee species. Across crops, years biogeographical regions, crop-visiting communities are dominated by small number common species, threatened species rarely observed on crops. Dominant pollinators persist under agricultural expansion many easily enhanced simple conservation measures, suggesting management strategies promote pollination should target different set than bees. Conserving biological diversity therefore requires just ecosystem-service-based arguments.

Язык: Английский

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Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 113(1), С. 146 - 151

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2015

Significance Many of the world’s crops are pollinated by insects, and bees often assumed to be most important pollinators. To our knowledge, study is first quantitative evaluation relative contribution non-bee pollinators global pollinator-dependent crops. Across 39 studies we show that insects other than efficient providing 39% visits crop flowers. A shift in perspective from a bee-only focus needed for assessments pollinator biodiversity economic value pollination. These should also consider services provided types such as flies, wasps, beetles, butterflies—important currently overlooked.

Язык: Английский

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A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 5(10)

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2019

Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield-related services can be maintained by a few dominant species or rely on high richness remains unclear. Using database from 89 studies (with 1475 locations), we partition the relative importance of richness, abundance, dominance for pollination; biological pest control; final yields in context ongoing land-use change. Pollinator enemy directly supported addition independent abundance dominance. Up 50% negative effects landscape simplification was due losses service-providing organisms, with consequences yields. Maintaining service providers is therefore vital sustain flow key agroecosystem benefits society.

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality

Nature, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 536(7617), С. 456 - 459

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2016

Язык: Английский

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The worldwide importance of honey bees as pollinators in natural habitats

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 285(1870), С. 20172140 - 20172140

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2018

The western honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) is the most frequent floral visitor of crops worldwide, but quantitative knowledge its role as a pollinator outside managed habitats largely lacking. Here we use global dataset 80 published plant–pollinator interaction networks well effectiveness measures from 34 plant species to assess importance A. in natural habitats. averaging 13% visits across all (range 0–85%), with 5% recorded being exclusively visited by . For 33% and 49% species, however, visitation was never observed, illustrating that many flowering taxa assemblages remain dependent on non- visitors for pollination. higher warmer, less variable climates mainland rather than island sites, did not differ between native introduced ranges. With respect single-visit pollination effectiveness, average visitor, though it generally effective visitor. Our results argue deeper understanding how , potential future changes range abundance, shape ecology, evolution, conservation plants, pollinators, their interactions

Язык: Английский

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Functional identity and diversity of animals predict ecosystem functioning better than species-based indices

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 282(1801), С. 20142620 - 20142620

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2015

Drastic biodiversity declines have raised concerns about the deterioration of ecosystem functions and motivated much recent research on relationship between species diversity functioning. A functional trait framework has been proposed to improve mechanistic understanding this relationship, but rarely tested for organisms other than plants. We analysed eight datasets, including five animal groups, examine how well a trait-based approach, compared with more traditional taxonomic predicts seven below- above-ground. Trait-based indices consistently provided greater explanatory power richness or abundance. The frequency distributions single multiple traits in community were best predictors This implies that we investigated underpinned by combination identities (i.e. single-trait indices) complementarity multi-trait communities. Our study provides new insights into general mechanisms link functioning natural communities suggests observed responses due identity dominance patterns composition rather number abundance per se .

Язык: Английский

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