Microbiome in healthy skin, update for dermatologists

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 30(12), С. 2038 - 2047

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2016

Abstract The skin is a complex barrier organ made of symbiotic relationship between microbial communities and host tissue via signals provided by the innate adaptive immune systems. It constantly exposed to various endogenous exogenous factors which impact this balanced system potentially leading inflammatory conditions comprising infections, allergies or autoimmune diseases. Unlike gut stool microbiome has been studied described for many years, investigations on scalp only started recently. Researchers in microbiology dermatology using modern methods such as pyrosequencing assays bacterial 16S rRNA genes identify characterize different microorganisms present skin, evaluate diversity their relative abundance understand how may contribute health dermatological conditions. This article aims provide an overview knowledge about microbiota, importance dermatology.

Язык: Английский

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Microbes and Cancer

Annual Review of Immunology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 35(1), С. 199 - 228

Опубликована: Март 30, 2017

Commensal microorganisms (the microbiota) live on all the surface barriers of our body and are particularly abundant diverse in distal gut. The microbiota its larger host represent a metaorganism which cross talk between microbes cells is necessary for health, survival, regulation physiological functions locally, at barrier level, systemically. ancestral molecular cellular mechanisms stemming from earliest interactions prokaryotes eukaryotes have evolved to mediate microbe-dependent physiology tissue homeostasis, including innate adaptive resistance infections repair. Mostly because effects metabolism, proliferation, inflammation, immunity, regulates cancer level predisposing conditions, initiation, genetic instability, susceptibility immune response, progression, comorbidity, response therapy. Here, we review underlying interaction with evidence suggesting that could be targeted improve therapy while attenuating adverse reactions.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging roles of bile acids in mucosal immunity and inflammation

Mucosal Immunology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 12(4), С. 851 - 861

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2019

Bile acids are cholesterol-derived surfactants that circulate actively between the liver and ileum classically recognized for emulsifying dietary lipids to facilitate absorption. More recent studies, however, have revealed new functions of bile acids; as pleotropic signaling metabolites regulate diverse metabolic inflammatory pathways in multiple cell types tissues through dynamic interactions with both germline-encoded host receptors microbiota. Accordingly, perturbed acid circulation and/or metabolism is now implicated pathogenesis cholestatic diseases, syndrome, colon cancer, bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, we discuss three-dimensional interplay acids, microbiota, mucosal immune system, focusing on mechanisms intestinal homeostasis inflammation. Although regulation only beginning be appreciated, targeting their cellular has already proven an important area drug discovery.

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiome: an orchestrator of xenobiotic metabolism

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1), С. 19 - 32

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2019

Microbes inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans represent a site for xenobiotic metabolism. The gut microbiome, collection microorganisms in gastrointestinal tract, can alter metabolic outcome pharmaceuticals, environmental toxicants, and heavy metals, thereby changing their pharmacokinetics. Direct chemical modification xenobiotics by either through or re-entering via enterohepatic circulation, lead to increased metabolism bioactivation, depending on enzymatic activity within microbial niche. Unique enzymes encoded microbiome include those that reverse modifications imparted host detoxification pathways. Additionally, limit absorption small intestine increasing expression cell–cell adhesion proteins, supporting protective mucosal layer, and/or directly sequestering chemicals. Lastly, gene is regulated including CYP450s, multi-drug resistance transcription factors regulate them. While affects pharmacokinetics xenobiotic, also influence viability microbiome. Our understanding complex interconnectedness between host, will advance with new modeling systems, technology development refinement, mechanistic studies focused contribution human

Язык: Английский

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Potential Role of the Microbiome in Acne: A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 8(7), С. 987 - 987

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2019

Acne is a highly prevalent inflammatory skin condition involving sebaceous sties. Although it clearly develops from an interplay of multiple factors, the exact cause acne remains elusive. It increasingly believed that interaction between microbes and host immunity plays important role in this disease, with perturbed microbial composition activity found patients. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes; formerly called Propionibacterium acnes) commonly sebum-rich areas its over-proliferation has long been thought to contribute disease. However, information provided by advanced metagenomic sequencing indicated cutaneous microbiota patients acne-free individuals differ at virulent-specific lineage level. also close connections gastrointestinal tract, many argue gut could be involved pathogenic process acne. The emotions stress (e.g., depression anxiety), for instance, have hypothesized aggravate altering increasing intestinal permeability, potentially contributing inflammation. Over years, expanding body research highlighted presence gut–brain–skin axis connects microbes, oral probiotics, diet, currently area intense scrutiny, severity. This review concentrates on acne, immunobiology newly emerging microbiome-based therapies can applied treat

Язык: Английский

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