Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 8(11), С. 972 - 980

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2018

Язык: Английский

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The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people

Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 354(6313)

Опубликована: Ноя. 11, 2016

Accumulating impacts Anthropogenic climate change is now in full swing, our global average temperature already having increased by 1°C from preindustrial levels. Many studies have documented individual of the changing that are particular to species or regions, but accumulating and being amplified more broadly. Scheffers et al. review set been observed across genes, species, ecosystems reveal a world undergoing substantial change. Understanding causes, consequences, potential mitigation these changes will be essential as we move forward into warming world. Science , this issue p. 10.1126/science.aaf7671

Язык: Английский

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Agriculture production as a major driver of the Earth system exceeding planetary boundaries

Ecology and Society, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 22(4)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017

Campbell, B. M., D. J. Beare, E. M. Bennett, Hall-Spencer, S. I. Ingram, F. Jaramillo, R. Ortiz, N. Ramankutty, A. Sayer, and Shindell. 2017. Agriculture production as a major driver of the Earth system exceeding planetary boundaries. Ecology Society 22(4):8. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09595-220408

Язык: Английский

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Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 3

Опубликована: Май 4, 2016

Climate change is driving changes in the physical and chemical properties of ocean that have consequences for marine ecosystems. Here, we review evidence responses life to recent climate across regions, from tropical seas polar oceans. We consider observed calcification rates, demography, abundance, distribution phenology species. draw on a database impacts species, supplemented with Fifth Assessment Report Intergovernmental Panel Change. discuss factors limit or facilitate species' responses, such as fishing pressure, availability prey, habitat, light other resources, dispersal by currents. find general trends species are consistent expectations change, including poleward deeper distributional shifts, advances spring phenology, declines increases abundance warm-water The volume type variable regions taxonomic groups, much derived heavily-studied north Atlantic Ocean. Most investigations biological changing temperature, few observations effects oxygen, wave climate, precipitation (coastal waters) acidification. Observations been linked anthropogenic widespread, but still lacking some groups (e.g., phytoplankton, benthic invertebrates, mammals).

Язык: Английский

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Climate Change and Global Food Systems: Potential Impacts on Food Security and Undernutrition

Annual Review of Public Health, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 38(1), С. 259 - 277

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2017

Great progress has been made in addressing global undernutrition over the past several decades, part because of large increases food production from agricultural expansion and intensification. Food systems, however, face continued demand growing environmental pressures. Most prominently, human-caused climate change will influence quality quantity we produce our ability to distribute it equitably. Our capacity ensure security nutritional adequacy rapidly changing biophysical conditions be a major determinant next century's burden disease. In this article, review main pathways by which may affect systems-agriculture, fisheries, livestock-as well as socioeconomic forces that equitable distribution.

Язык: Английский

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Rebuilding marine life

Nature, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 580(7801), С. 39 - 51

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Science and policy characteristics of the Paris Agreement temperature goal

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 6(9), С. 827 - 835

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Coral Reef Ecosystems under Climate Change and Ocean Acidification

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 4

Опубликована: Май 29, 2017

Coral reefs are found in a wide range of environments, where they provide food and habitat to large organisms as well other ecological goods services. Warm-water coral reefs, for example, occupy shallow sunlit, warm alkaline waters order grow calcify at the high rates necessary build maintain their calcium carbonate structures. At deeper locations (40 – 150 m), "mesophotic" (low light) accumulate much lower (if all some cases) yet remain important organisms, including those fisheries. Finally, even deeper, down 2000 m or more, so-called 'cold-water' dark depths. Despite importance, facing significant challenges from human activities pollution, over-harvesting, physical destruction, climate change. In latter case, greenhouse gas emission scenarios (such Representative Concentration Pathway RCP 4.5) likely drive elimination most warm-water by 2040-2050. Cold-water corals also threatened warming temperatures ocean acidification although evidence direct effect change is less clear. Evidence that can adapt which sufficient them keep up with rapid minimal, especially given long-lived hence have slow evolution. Conclusions will migrate higher latitudes equally unfounded, observations tropical species appearing 'necessary but not sufficient' entire reef ecosystems shifting. On contrary, degrade rapidly over next 20 years, presenting fundamental 500 million people who derive food, income, coastal protection, services reefs. Unless advances goals Paris Climate Change Agreement occur decade, hundreds millions face increasing amounts poverty social disruption, and, cases, regional insecurity.

Язык: Английский

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Strategies in catalysts and electrolyzer design for electrochemical CO₂reduction toward C₂₊products

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(8)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2020

Recent progress about electrochemical CO 2 reduction toward C 2+ products is reviewed.

Язык: Английский

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Differential climate impacts for policy-relevant limits to global warming: the case of 1.5 °C and 2 °C

Earth System Dynamics, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7(2), С. 327 - 351

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2016

Abstract. Robust appraisals of climate impacts at different levels global-mean temperature increase are vital to guide assessments dangerous anthropogenic interference with the system. The 2015 Paris Agreement includes a two-headed goal: "holding in global average well below 2 °C above pre-industrial and pursuing efforts limit 1.5 °C". Despite prominence these two limits, comprehensive overview differences is still missing. Here we provide an assessment key change warming °C, including extreme weather events, water availability, agricultural yields, sea-level rise risk coral reef loss. Our results reveal substantial between that highly relevant for For heat-related extremes, additional 0.5 marks difference events upper present-day natural variability new regime, particularly tropical regions. Similarly, this likely be decisive future reefs. In scenario end-of-century virtually all reefs projected severe degradation due temperature-induced bleaching from 2050 onwards. This fraction reduced about 90 % decline 70 by 2100 scenario. Analyses precipitation-related distinct regional hot-spots emerge. Regional reduction median availability Mediterranean found nearly double 9 17 lengthening dry spells increases 7 11 %. Projections yields differ crop types as world While some (in particular high-latitude) regions may benefit, like West Africa, South-East Asia, Central northern South America face local yield reductions, wheat maize. Best estimate projections based on illustrative scenarios indicate 50 cm relative year 2000-levels scenario, 10 lower rate would 30 compared findings highlight importance differentiation assess both risks vulnerabilities incremental temperature. article provides consistent existing good basis work refining our understanding warming.

Язык: Английский

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