Emerging threats and persistent conservation challenges for freshwater biodiversity

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 94(3), С. 849 - 873

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2018

ABSTRACT In the 12 years since Dudgeon et al . (2006) reviewed major pressures on freshwater ecosystems, biodiversity crisis in world's lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams and wetlands has deepened. While reservoirs rivers cover only 2.3% of Earth's surface, these ecosystems host at least 9.5% described animal species. Furthermore, using World Wide Fund for Nature's Living Planet Index, population declines (83% between 1970 2014) continue to outpace contemporaneous marine or terrestrial systems. The Anthropocene brought multiple new varied threats that disproportionately impact We document emerging are either entirely 2006 have intensified: ( i ) changing climates; ii e‐commerce invasions; iii infectious diseases; iv harmful algal blooms; v expanding hydropower; vi contaminants; vii engineered nanomaterials; viii microplastic pollution; (i x light noise; salinisation; xi declining calcium; xii cumulative stressors. Effects evidenced amphibians, fishes, invertebrates, microbes, plants, turtles waterbirds, with potential ecosystem‐level changes through bottom‐up top‐down processes. our highly uncertain future, net effects raise serious concerns ecosystems. However, we also highlight opportunities conservation gains as a result novel management tools (e.g. environmental flows, DNA) specific conservation‐oriented actions dam removal, habitat protection policies, managed relocation species) been met varying levels success. Moving forward, advocate hybrid approaches manage fresh waters crucial human life support well essential hotspots ecological function. Efforts reverse global trends degradation now depend bridging an immense gap aspirations biologists accelerating rate species endangerment.

Язык: Английский

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Mapping the world’s free-flowing rivers

Nature, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 569(7755), С. 215 - 221

Опубликована: Май 8, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Impending extinction crisis of the world’s primates: Why primates matter

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2017

Impending extinction of the world’s primates due to human activities; immediate global attention is needed reverse trend.

Язык: Английский

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Biodiversity losses and conservation responses in the Anthropocene

Science, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 356(6335), С. 270 - 275

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2017

Biodiversity is essential to human well-being, but people have been reducing biodiversity throughout history. Loss of species and degradation ecosystems are likely further accelerate in the coming years. Our understanding this crisis now clear, world leaders pledged avert it. Nonetheless, global goals reduce rate loss mostly not achieved. However, many examples conservation success show that losses can be halted even reversed. Building on these lessons turn tide will require bold innovative action transform historical relationships between populations nature.

Язык: Английский

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Damming the rivers of the Amazon basin

Nature, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 546(7658), С. 363 - 369

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Scientists’ warning to humanity on the freshwater biodiversity crisis

AMBIO, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 50(1), С. 85 - 94

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The Global Food‐Energy‐Water Nexus

Reviews of Geophysics, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 56(3), С. 456 - 531

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2018

Abstract Water availability is a major factor constraining humanity's ability to meet the future food and energy needs of growing increasingly affluent human population. plays an important role in production energy, including renewable sources extraction unconventional fossil fuels that are expected become players security. The emergent competition for water between systems recognized concept “food‐energy‐water nexus.” nexus made even more complex by globalization agriculture rapid growth trade, which results massive virtual transfer among regions security some regions. This review explores multiple components food‐energy‐water highlights possible approaches could be used with limited resources planet. Despite clear tensions inherent meeting changing demand 21st century, linkages food, water, can offer opportunity synergistic strategies aimed at resilient security, such as circular economy.

Язык: Английский

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The future of hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems

Nature, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 559(7715), С. 517 - 526

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters: A current synthesis of estimates and uncertainty

Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 3(3), С. 132 - 142

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2017

Abstract Globally, inland waters receive a significant but ill‐defined quantity of terrestrial carbon (C). When summed, the contemporary estimates for three possible fates C in (storage, outgassing, and export) highlight that landscapes may deliver upward 5.1 Pg annually. This review flux over last decade has revealed an average increase ∼ 0.3 yr −1 , indicating historical underestimation amount terrestrial‐C exported to waters. The continual also underscores large data gaps uncertainty. As research continues refine these aquatic fluxes, especially outgassed from humid tropics other understudied regions, we expect global estimate transferred rise. An important implication this refinement is net ecosystem production be overestimated with ramifications modeling cycle.

Язык: Английский

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Sustainable hydropower in the 21st century

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 115(47), С. 11891 - 11898

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2018

Significance North American and European countries built many large dams until 1975, after which both started to abandon a significant part of their installed hydropower because the negative social environmental impacts. However, there has been recent trend new being in developing countries, particularly megabiodiversity river basins, such as Amazon, Congo, Mekong. The socioeconomic damages these systems are even greater than early costs America Europe. This paper discusses how sector needs not only focus on energy production but also, include externalities caused by recognize unsustainability current common practices.

Язык: Английский

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