Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
8
Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2017
One
of
the
fundamental
issues
in
microbiome
research
is
characterization
healthy
human
microbiota.
Recent
studies
have
elucidated
substantial
divergences
structure
between
individuals
from
different
race
and
ethnicity.
This
review
provides
a
comprehensive
account
such
geography,
ethnicity
or
life-style-specific
variations
at
five
major
body
habitats
–
Gut,
Oral-cavity,
Respiratory
Tract,
Skin
Urogenital
Tract
(UGT).
The
focuses
on
general
trend
evolution
-
gradual
transition
gross
compositional
along
with
continual
decrease
diversity
microbiome,
especially
gut
as
populations
passed
through
three
stages
subsistence
like
foraging,
rural
farming
industrialized
urban
western
life.
In
general,
hunter-gatherer
highly
abundant
Prevotella,
Proteobacteria,
Spirochaetes,
Clostridiales,
Ruminobacter
etc.,
while
those
communities
are
often
enriched
Bacteroides,
Bifidobacterium
Firmicutes.
oral
skin
next
most
diverse
among
populations,
respiratory
tract
UGT
show
lesser
variations.
Higher
observed
for
oral-cavity
group
higher
prevalence
Haemophilus
than
agricultural
group.
case
Chinese
variation
abundance
Trabulsiella
Propionibacterium.
On
basis
published
data,
we
characterized
core
microbiota
set
genera
commonly
found
all
irrespective
their
geographic
locations,
mode
subsistence.
We
also
identified
factors
responsible
geography-based
alterations
microbiota;
though
it
not
yet
clear
which
factor
plays
dominant
role
shaping
nature
nurture,
host
genetics
his
environment.
Some
geographical/racial
been
attributed
to
differences
innate/adaptive
immunity,
many
other
cases,
cultural/behavioral
features
diet,
hygiene,
parasitic
load,
environmental
exposure
etc.
overshadow
genetics.
population-specific
composition,
reviewed
this
report,
question
universality
microbiome-based
therapeutic
strategies
recommend
geographically
tailored
community-scale
approaches
engineering.