Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 220(4), С. 1108 - 1115

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2018

Contents Summary 1108 I. Introduction II. Mycorrhizal plant diversity at global and local scales III. evolution in plants: a brief update 1111 IV. Conclusions perspectives 1114 References The majority of vascular plants are mycorrhizal: 72% arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ), 2.0% ectomycorrhizal (EcM), 1.5% ericoid 10% orchid mycorrhizal. Just 8% completely nonmycorrhizal NM whereas 7% have inconsistent – associations. Most nutritional specialists (e.g. carnivores parasites) or habitat hydrophytes epiphytes). associations consistent most families, but there exceptions with complex roots both EcM ). We recognize three waves evolution, starting early land plants, continuing the Cretaceous multiple new linages, mycorrhizas. third wave, which is recent ongoing, has resulted root complexity linked to rapid diversification biodiversity hotspots.

Язык: Английский

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Root Exudation of Primary Metabolites: Mechanisms and Their Roles in Plant Responses to Environmental Stimuli

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2019

Root exudation is an important process determining plant interactions with the soil environment. Many studies have linked this to nutrient mobilization. Yet, it remains unresolved how controlled and exactly under what circumstances plants benefit from exudation. The majority of root exudates include primary metabolites (sugars, amino acids organic acids) believed be passively lost used by rhizosphere-dwelling microbes. In review, we synthetize recent advances in ecology biology explain propose mechanisms which controlled, role their plays acquisition strategies. Specifically, a novel conceptual framework for exudates. This built upon two main concepts: (i) driven diffusion, microbes both modulating concentration gradients therefore diffusion rates depending on nutritional status; (ii) exuded metabolite concentrations can sensed at tip signals are translated modify architecture. flux through mostly located tip, where lack cell differentiation favors soil. We show examples senses changes translate that into growth. Plants either controlling source/sink processes or expressing regulating efflux carriers, challenging idea as purely unregulated passive process. Through exudate flux, locally enhance many common serve sensors integrators status availability surrounding Plant-associated micro-organisms also constitute strong sink carbon thereby increasing affecting Understanding of, effects that, environmental stimuli magnitude type will ultimately improve our knowledge CO2 emissions, ecosystem functioning sustainability agricultural production.

Язык: Английский

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Host selection shapes crop microbiome assembly and network complexity

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 229(2), С. 1091 - 1104

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2020

Plant microbiomes are essential to host health and productivity but the ecological processes that govern crop microbiome assembly not fully known. Here we examined bacterial communities across 684 samples from soils (rhizosphere bulk soil) multiple compartment niches (rhizoplane, root endosphere, phylloplane, leaf endosphere) in maize (Zea mays)-wheat (Triticum aestivum)/barley (Hordeum vulgare) rotation system under different fertilization practices at two contrasting sites. Our results demonstrate along soil-plant continuum is shaped predominantly by niche species rather than site or practice. From epiphytes endophytes, selection pressure sequentially increased diversity network complexity consequently reduced, with strongest effect endosphere. Source tracking indicates mainly derived gradually enriched filtered plant niches. Moreover, were dominated a few dominant taxa (c. 0.5% of phylotypes), bacilli identified as important biomarker for wheat barley Methylobacteriaceae maize. work provides comprehensive empirical evidence on selection, potential sources enrichment assembly, has implications future management manipulation sustainable agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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Modulation of the Root Microbiome by Plant Molecules: The Basis for Targeted Disease Suppression and Plant Growth Promotion

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2020

Plants host a mesmerizing diversity of microbes inside and around their roots, known as the microbiome. The microbiome is composed mostly fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, archaea that can be either pathogenic or beneficial for plant health fitness. To grow healthy, plants need to surveil soil niches roots detection microbes, in parallel maximize services nutrients uptake growth promotion. employ palette mechanisms modulate including structural modifications, exudation secondary metabolites coordinated action different defence responses. Here, we review current understanding on composition activity root how molecules shape structure root-associated microbial communities. Examples are given interactions occur rhizosphere between soilborne fungi. We also present some well-established examples harnessing highlight fitness by selecting Understanding manipulate aid design next-generation inoculants targeted disease suppression enhanced growth.

Язык: Английский

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Microglia and Beyond: Innate Immune Cells As Regulators of Brain Development and Behavioral Function

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2018

Innate immune cells play a well-documented role in the etiology and disease course of many brain-based conditions, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain spinal cord injury, cancers. In contrast, it is only recently becoming clear that innate cells, primarily resident macrophages called microglia, are also key regulators development. This review summarizes current state knowledge regarding microglia development, with particularly emphasis on how during development distinct from later life. We summarize effects early life perturbations function developing brain, biological sex plays function, potential may developmental disorders. Finally, given new field neuroimmunology is, we highlight what has yet to be learned about shape behavior.

Язык: Английский

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Emerging thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes for reverse osmosis: A review

Water Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 173, С. 115557 - 115557

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Disease-induced changes in plant microbiome assembly and functional adaptation

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2021

The plant microbiome is an integral part of the host and increasingly recognized as playing fundamental roles in growth health. Increasing evidence indicates that rhizosphere recruits beneficial microbes to suppress soil-borne pathogens. However, ecological processes govern assembly functions below- aboveground compartments under pathogen invasion are not fully understood. Here, we studied bacterial fungal communities associated with 12 (e.g., soils, roots, stems, fruits) chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) using amplicons (16S ITS) metagenomics approaches at main production sites China investigated how Fusarium wilt disease (FWD) affects assembly, co-occurrence patterns, plant-associated microbiomes.The amplicon data analyses revealed FWD affected less on reproductive organs (fruit) than vegetative (root stem), strongest impact upper stem epidermis. Fungal intra-kingdom networks were stable their more sensitive communities. analysis microbial interkingdom network further indicated destabilized induced importance taxa. Although diseased plants susceptible colonization by other pathogenic fungi, can also recruit potential bacteria. Some taxa enriched identified core for microbiomes hub networks. On hand, metagenomic significant enrichment several functional genes involved detoxification, biofilm formation, plant-microbiome signaling pathways (i.e., chemotaxis) plants.Together, demonstrate a could bacteria mitigate changes organ facilitate or its offspring survival. may attract through modulation pathways. These findings significantly advance our understanding interactions provide important harnessing sustainable agriculture. Video abstract.

Язык: Английский

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Calcium spikes, waves and oscillations in plant development and biotic interactions

Nature Plants, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(7), С. 750 - 759

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 94(5), С. 1857 - 1880

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2019

ABSTRACT Mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants by improved mineral nutrition and protection against stress, yet information about fundamental differences among mycorrhizal types in trees their relative importance biogeochemical processes is only beginning to accumulate. We critically review synthesize the ecophysiological ectomycorrhizal, ericoid arbuscular symbioses effect of these on soil from local global scales. demonstrate that guilds display substantial genome‐encoded capacity for nutrition, particularly acquisition nitrogen phosphorus organic material. associations alter trade‐off between allocation roots or mycelium, traits such as root exudation, weathering, enzyme production, plant protection, community assembly well response climate change. exhibit differential effects ecosystem carbon nutrient cycling affect elemental fluxes may mediate biome shifts also note most studies performed date have not been properly replicated collectively suffer strong geographical sampling bias towards temperate biomes. advocate combining carefully field experiments controlled laboratory with isotope labelling ‐omics techniques offers great promise understanding ecophysiology services types.

Язык: Английский

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Plant developmental stage drives the differentiation in ecological role of the maize microbiome

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2021

Abstract Background Plants live with diverse microbial communities which profoundly affect multiple facets of host performance, but if and how development impacts the assembly, functions interactions crop microbiomes are poorly understood. Here we examined both bacterial fungal across soils, epiphytic endophytic niches leaf root, plastic fake plant (representing environment-originating microbes) at three developmental stages maize two contrasting sites, further explored potential function phylloplane based on metagenomics. Results Our results suggested that stage had a much stronger influence diversity, composition interkingdom networks in compartments than strongest effect phylloplane. Phylloplane were co-shaped by growth seasonal environmental factors, air (represented plants) as its important source. Further, found more strongly driven deterministic processes early similar pattern was for late stage. Moreover, taxa played role network yield prediction stage, while did so Metagenomic analyses indicated possessed higher functional diversity genes related to nutrient provision enriched N assimilation C degradation Coincidently, abundant beneficial like Actinobacteria, Burkholderiaceae Rhizobiaceae observed saprophytic fungi Conclusions suggest influences microbiome assembly functions, take differentiated ecological different development. This study provides empirical evidence exerting strong selection during These findings have implications future tools manipulate sustainable increase primary productivity.

Язык: Английский

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