Polyploidy, the Nucleotype, and Novelty: The Impact of Genome Doubling on the Biology of the Cell

International Journal of Plant Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 180(1), С. 1 - 52

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2018

Polyploidy is a key mechanism of genome evolution and speciation, particularly in plants. Many aspects polyploidy have been elucidated with the tools that become available during molecular genetics genomics revolution. Nevertheless, significant questions remain about how doubling per se, absence hybridization, capable generating evolutionary novelty. This true at cellular level, where since discovery it has assumed increased cell size plays role physiological developmental changes associated doubling, usually through changing surface-to-volume ratio. Cell size, nuclear volume, cycle duration hypothesized to be among suite "nucleotypic" characters, defined as phenotypic traits influenced by bulk DNA amount, irrespective genic content. We update this old but still relevant concept, focusing on what current knowledge from biology can elucidate quantitative differences between diploids isogenic autopolyploids could lead differences. Much remains learned before causality correlation distinguished complex network interactions cytoplasm, nucleus other organelles, cycle, metabolism, intra- intercellular transport. It clear many effects are likely type specific conditioned different genomic architectures species which occurs. The rapidly developing ability study processes such transcription movement molecules single cells will enable experiments addressing fundamental potentially nucleotypic these interact genotypes produce

Язык: Английский

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Molecular basis and biological function of variability in spatial genome organization

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 365(6457)

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2019

The complex three-dimensional organization of genomes in the cell nucleus arises from a wide range architectural features including DNA loops, chromatin domains, and higher-order compartments. Although these are universally present most types tissues, recent single-cell biochemistry imaging approaches have demonstrated stochasticity transcription high variability architecture individual cells. We review occurrence, mechanistic basis, functional implications genome organization. summarize observations on cell- allele-specific architecture, discuss nature extrinsic intrinsic sources organization, highlight potential structural heterogeneity for function.

Язык: Английский

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The relationship between genome structure and function

Nature Reviews Genetics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 22(3), С. 154 - 168

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Walking along chromosomes with super-resolution imaging, contact maps, and integrative modeling

PLoS Genetics, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 14(12), С. e1007872 - e1007872

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2018

Chromosome organization is crucial for genome function. Here, we present a method visualizing chromosomal DNA at super-resolution and then integrating Hi-C data to produce three-dimensional models of chromosome organization. Using the microscopy methods OligoSTORM OligoDNA-PAINT, trace 8 megabases human 19, structures ranging in size from few kilobases over megabase. Focusing on regions that contribute compartments, discover distinct that, spite considerable variability, can predict whether such correspond active (A-type) or inactive (B-type) compartments. Imaging through depths entire nuclei, capture pairs homologous diploid cells, obtaining evidence maternal paternal be differentially organized. Finally, using restraint-based modeling integrate imaging data, implement method–integrative genomic (IMGR)–to increase resolution our traces 10 kb.

Язык: Английский

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The role of transcription in shaping the spatial organization of the genome

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 18, 2019

Язык: Английский

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