Interplay between inflammation and thrombosis in cardiovascular pathology
Nature Reviews Cardiology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
18(9), С. 666 - 682
Опубликована: Май 6, 2021
Язык: Английский
Tet2-Mediated Clonal Hematopoiesis Accelerates Heart Failure Through a Mechanism Involving the IL-1β/NLRP3 Inflammasome
Journal of the American College of Cardiology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
71(8), С. 875 - 886
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2018
Язык: Английский
Monocyte-Macrophages and T Cells in Atherosclerosis
Immunity,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
47(4), С. 621 - 634
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2017
Atherosclerosis
is
an
arterial
disease
process
characterized
by
the
focal
subendothelial
accumulation
of
apolipoprotein-B-containing
lipoproteins,
immune
and
vascular
wall
cells,
extracellular
matrix.
The
lipoproteins
acquire
features
damage-associated
molecular
patterns
trigger
first
innate
response,
dominated
monocyte-macrophages,
then
adaptive
response.
These
inflammatory
responses
often
become
chronic
non-resolving
can
lead
to
damage
thrombosis-induced
organ
infarction.
response
regulated
at
various
stages,
from
hematopoiesis
monocyte
changes
macrophage
activation.
primarily
mechanisms
that
affect
balance
between
regulatory
effector
T
cells.
Mechanisms
related
cellular
cholesterol,
phenotypic
plasticity,
metabolism,
aging
play
key
roles
in
affecting
these
responses.
Herein,
we
review
select
topics
shed
light
on
processes
suggest
new
treatment
strategies.
Atherogenesis
initiated
entry
retention
(apoB
LPs)
into
space,
or
"intima,"
regions
disturbed
blood
flow
medium-sized
arteries
(Williams
Tabas,
1995Williams
K.J.
Tabas
I.
response-to-retention
hypothesis
early
atherogenesis.Arterioscler.
Thromb.
Vasc.
Biol.
1995;
15:
551-561Crossref
PubMed
Google
Scholar,
Fogelstrand
Borén,
2012Fogelstrand
P.
Borén
J.
Retention
atherogenic
artery
its
role
atherogenesis.Nutr.
Metab.
Cardiovasc.
Dis.
2012;
22:
1-7Abstract
Full
Text
PDF
Scopus
(0)
Scholar).
amount
apoB
LP
determined
concentration
LPs
blood,
age
metabolic
state
individual,
genetic
environmental
factors.
considerations
biology,
including
variations
proteoglycans
retain
factors
alter
endothelial
permeability.
Initially,
some
lipoprotein
lipid
internalized
resident
CD11c+
myeloid
experimental
depletion
cells
suppresses
foam
intracellular
lipids
(Paulson
et
al.,
2010Paulson
K.E.
Zhu
S.N.
Chen
M.
Nurmohamed
S.
Jongstra-Bilen
Cybulsky
M.I.
Resident
intimal
dendritic
accumulate
contribute
initiation
atherosclerosis.Circ.
Res.
2010;
106:
383-390Crossref
(169)
Then,
certain
protein
components
LPs,
particularly
after
oxidative
modification,
take
properties
(DAMPs)
thereby
(Glass
Witztum,
2001Glass
C.K.
Witztum
J.L.
Atherosclerosis.
road
ahead.Cell.
2001;
104:
503-516Abstract
(2166)
Lusis,
2000Lusis
A.J.
Atherosclerosis.Nature.
2000;
407:
233-241Crossref
(3547)
This
activates
and,
together
with
flow-mediated
(Jongstra-Bilen
2006Jongstra-Bilen
Haidari
Guha
D.
Low-grade
inflammation
normal
mouse
intima
predisposed
atherosclerosis.J.
Exp.
Med.
2006;
203:
2073-2083Crossref
(206)
Gimbrone
García-Cardeña,
2013Gimbrone
Jr.,
M.A.
García-Cardeña
G.
Vascular
endothelium,
hemodynamics,
pathobiology
atherosclerosis.Cardiovasc.
Pathol.
2013;
9-15Abstract
(109)
promotes
bone-marrow-derived
monocytes
(Tacke
2007Tacke
F.
Alvarez
Kaplan
T.J.
Jakubzick
C.
Spanbroek
R.
Llodra
Garin
A.
Liu
Mack
van
Rooijen
N.
al.Monocyte
subsets
differentially
employ
CCR2,
CCR5,
CX3CR1
within
atherosclerotic
plaques.J.
Clin.
Invest.
2007;
117:
185-194Crossref
(741)
Swirski
2016Swirski
F.K.
Robbins
C.S.
Nahrendorf
Development
function
cardiac
macrophages.Trends
Immunol.
2016;
37:
32-40Abstract
Ly6Chi
subpopulation
differentiates
macrophages,
which,
progressing
lesions,
phenotype
2007Swirski
Libby
Aikawa
E.
Alcaide
Luscinskas
F.W.
Weissleder
Pittet
M.J.
Ly-6Chi
dominate
hypercholesterolemia-associated
monocytosis
give
rise
macrophages
atheromata.J.
195-205Crossref
(698)
In
part
as
a
result
cell
(DC)
activation,
involving
helper
1
(Th1)
but
also
Th17
Th2
B
develops
conjunction
progressive
decrease
(Treg)
(Witztum
Lichtman,
2014Witztum
Lichtman
A.H.
influence
atherosclerosis.Annu.
Rev.
2014;
9:
73-102Crossref
(89)
Other
neutrophils
platelet-neutrophil
aggregates,
natural
killer
mast
eosinophils,
are
present
human
atheroma
have
been
shown
promote
atherosclerosis
via
additional
models
Accompanying
this
reaction
myofibroblasts
intima;
arise
medial
smooth
muscle
other
sources
referred
(VSMCs)
(Bennett
2016Bennett
M.R.
Sinha
Owens
G.K.
Smooth
Muscle
Cells
Atherosclerosis.Circ.
118:
692-702Crossref
(139)
rich
matrix,
which
most
likely
represents
"scar"
ongoing
injury.
physiologic
post-inflammatory
secrete
molecules
carry
out
functions
dampen
tissue
repair
(Serhan
2007Serhan
C.N.
Brain
S.D.
Buckley
C.D.
Gilroy
D.W.
Haslett
O'Neill
L.A.
Perretti
Rossi
A.G.
Wallace
Resolution
inflammation:
art,
definitions
terms.FASEB
21:
325-332Crossref
(592)
Nathan
Ding,
2010Nathan
Ding
Nonresolving
inflammation.Cell.
140:
871-882Abstract
(751)
However,
will
be
explained
later
review,
so-called
resolution
go
awry
setting
atherosclerosis.
Impaired
lesions
leads
sustained,
non-resolving,
maladaptive
plaque
progression
humans,
triggers
acute
thrombo-occlusive
cardiovascular
events
(Merched
2008Merched
Ko
K.
Gotlinger
K.H.
Serhan
Chan
L.
Atherosclerosis:
evidence
for
impairment
governed
specific
mediators.FASEB
2008;
3595-3606Crossref
(234)
2010Tabas
Macrophage
death
defective
atherosclerosis.Nat.
10:
36-46Crossref
(514)
Viola
Soehnlein,
2015Viola
Soehnlein
O.
-
A
matter
unresolved
inflammation.Semin.
2015;
27:
184-193Crossref
pathological
clinically
dangerous
plaques
include
large
areas
necrosis
thinning
overlying
collagenous,
fibrous,
cap.
When
breach
forms
fibrous
cap,
exposed
thrombogenic
material
lesion,
occlusive
thrombosis
infarction
ensue
(Virmani
2002Virmani
Burke
A.P.
Kolodgie
F.D.
Farb
Vulnerable
plaque:
pathology
unstable
coronary
lesions.J.
Interv.
Cardiol.
2002;
439-446Crossref
Libby,
2013Libby
syndromes
their
implications
therapy.N.
Engl.
368:
2004-2013Crossref
(354)
thrombotic
occur
vicinity
more
non-necrotic
erosion
(Libby,
2017Libby
Superficial
precision
management
syndromes:
not
one-size-fits-all.Eur.
Heart
2017;
38:
801-803PubMed
Studies
mice
suggested
latter
promoted
disturbance
neutrophil-mediated
effects
(Franck
2017Franck
Mawson
T.
Sausen
Salinas
Masson
G.S.
Cole
Beltrami-Moreira
Chatzizisis
Y.
Quillard
Tesmenitsky
al.Flow
Perturbation
Mediates
Neutrophil
Recruitment
Potentiates
Endothelial
Injury
TLR2
Mice:
Implications
Erosion.Circ.
121:
31-42Crossref
(2)
sections
follow,
selective
subset
recently
come
atherogenesis
and/or
progression.
reader
reviews
cited
above
original
references
many
important
included
herein.
abundance
circulation,
those
CD14++
humans
mice,
strongly
correlated
development
(Olivares
1993Olivares
Ducimetière
Claude
J.R.
Monocyte
count:
risk
factor
heart
disease?.Am.
Epidemiol.
1993;
137:
49-53Crossref
Murphy
Tall,
2016Murphy
Tall
A.R.
Disordered
haematopoiesis
athero-thrombosis.Eur.
1113-1121Crossref
(16)
context,
recent
studies
provided
fascinating
insight
relevant
(Figure
1).
sympathetic
nervous
system
(SNS)
came
researchers
sought
explain
why
accelerates
myocardial
(MI).
initially
end
inflammatory-resolution
spectrum,
discussed
following
paragraphs,
(Swirski
substantial
portion
originate
spleen,
becomes
populated
hematopoietic
stem
progenitor
(HSPCs)
carries
extramedullary
(Robbins
2012Robbins
Chudnovskiy
Rauch
P.J.
Figueiredo
Iwamoto
Gorbatov
Etzrodt
Weber
G.F.
Ueno
al.Extramedullary
generates
Ly-6C(high)
infiltrate
lesions.Circulation.
125:
364-374Crossref
(187)
mechanism
post-MI
SNS-mediated
release
HSPCs
bone
marrow,
seeding
elevated
hematopoiesis,
increased
monocytes,
drive
(Dutta
2012Dutta
Courties
Wei
Leuschner
Thompson
B.
Carlson
A.L.
Heidt
al.Myocardial
atherosclerosis.Nature.
487:
325-329Crossref
(388)
Further
suggests
stress-related
known
disease,
such
psychosocial
stress,
might
work
through
similar
(Heidt
2014Heidt
Sager
H.B.
Dutta
Zaltsman
von
Zur
Muhlen
Bode
Fricchione
G.L.
Denninger
al.Chronic
variable
stress
cells.Nat.
20:
754-758Crossref
(161)
How
concepts
apply
atherothrombotic
remains
area
future
study,
view
uncertainties
(Hilgendorf
Swirski,
2012Hilgendorf
Making
difference:
heterogeneity
disease.Curr.
Atheroscler.
Rep.
14:
450-459Crossref
Hypercholesterolemia
monocytosis,
Scholar),
cholesterol
efflux
effected
targeting
proteins
exacerbate
(Murphy
Scholar)
2).
responsible
cholesterol-induced
involves
expansion
Lin−cKit+Sca1+
marrow
compartment
Mechanistic
revealed
cholesterol-mediated
plasma
membrane
cell-surface
expression
common
β-subunit
interleukin-3
(IL-3)
granulocyte-monocyte
colony-stimulating
(GM-CSF)
receptors
sensing
two
HSPC
growth
factors,
IL-3
GM-CSF
(Yvan-Charvet
2010Yvan-Charvet
Pagler
Gautier
E.L.
Avagyan
Siry
R.L.
Han
Welch
C.L.
Wang
Randolph
G.J.
Snoeck
H.W.
ATP-binding
cassette
transporters
HDL
suppress
proliferation.Science.
328:
1689-1693Crossref
(289)
There
hypercholesterolemia,
presumably
increasing
content
decreases
Rb,
tumor
suppressor
limits
proliferation,
increases
cyclins
B1,
D1,
E1
(Seijkens
2014Seijkens
Hoeksema
Beckers
Smeets
Meiler
Levels
Tjwa
de
Winther
M.P.
Lutgens
Hypercholesterolemia-induced
priming
aggravates
atherosclerosis.FASEB
28:
2202-2213Crossref
(31)
Interestingly,
when
normocholesterolemic
recipient
were
transplanted
either
hypercholesterolemic
donor
origin
showed
proliferation
10
weeks
data
long-lived,
cell-intrinsic
effect
hypercholesterolemia
HSPCs,
perhaps
epigenetic
HSPCs.
Moreover,
Ldlr−/−
fed
Western-type
diet
saturated
fats,
had
received
developed
larger
advanced
lesions.
increase
was
accompanied
higher
number
lesional
leukocytes
derived
overall
granulocytes,
taken
advantage
fact
leukocytosis
myeloproliferative
(MPD)
associated
For
example,
loss-of-function
polymorphism
gene
encoding
signaling
adaptor
called
LNK
(SH2B3)
both
MPD
(McMullin
2011McMullin
M.F.
Wu
Percy
Tong
W.
nonsynonymous
idiopathic
erythrocytosis.Am.
Hematol.
2011;
86:
962-964Crossref
Deloukas
2013Deloukas
Kanoni
Willenborg
Farrall
Assimes
T.L.
Ingelsson
Saleheen
Erdmann
Goldstein
B.A.
al.CARDIoGRAMplusC4D
ConsortiumDIAGRAM
ConsortiumCARDIOGENICS
ConsortiumMuTHER
ConsortiumWellcome
Trust
Case
Control
ConsortiumLarge-scale
association
analysis
identifies
loci
disease.Nat.
Genet.
45:
25-33Crossref
(712)
somatic
gain-of-function
mutations
JAK2
kinase
(Viny
Levine,
2014Viny
A.D.
Levine
Genetics
neoplasms.Cancer
61-65Crossref
Although
platelets
association,
there
link
monocytosis.
Lnk
Lnk−/−Ldlr−/−
Western
has
found
cause
hypercholesterolemia-dependent
amounts
pro-atherogenic
chemokine
chemotactic
protein-1
(MCP-1;
CCL2)
(Wang
2016Wang
Tang
Tascau
Balcerek
LNK/SH2B3
Loss
Function
Promotes
Thrombosis.Circ.
119:
e91-e103Crossref
Most
importantly,
demonstrate
lesion
area,
platelet-monocyte
aggregates
Synergy
deficiency
further
IL-3-GM-CSF
receptor
emerges
study
showing
Glut1-mediated
glucose
uptake
myeloproliferation
disorders
(Gautier
2013Gautier
Westerterp
Bhagwat
Cremers
Shih
Abdel-Wahab
Lütjohann
Yvan-Charvet
Glut1
inhibition
reverse
hypermetabolic
disorders.J.
210:
339-353Crossref
(29)
glycolysis
(Van
den
Bossche
2017Van
Menon
immunometabolism:
Where
(going)?.Trends
395-406Abstract
(32)
authors
propose
provides
energy
necessary
proliferation.
Ly6Clo
derive
serve
maintenance
"patrolling"
tissues
increasingly
unclear,
it
even
whether
they
differentiate
(Jakubzick
2017Jakubzick
C.V.
Henson
P.M.
differentiation
antigen-presenting
functions.Nat.
17:
349-362Crossref
As
such,
poorly
understood.
one
investigators
tested
nuclear
Nr4a1
(Nur77),
required
survival
(Hanna
2011Hanna
R.N.
Carlin
L.M.
Hubbeling
H.G.
Nackiewicz
Green
A.M.
Punt
J.A.
Geissmann
Hedrick
C.C.
transcription
NR4A1
(Nur77)
controls
Ly6C-
monocytes.Nat.
12:
778-785Crossref
(221)
Two
Nr4a1—Western-diet-fed
lacking
Apoe−/−
germline
Nr4a1—demonstrated
atherosclerosis,
proportion
resolving
interpretation
finding
directly
regulate
another
possible
conversion
2014Hilgendorf
Gerhardt
Tan
T.C.
Winter
Holderried
T.A.
Chousterman
B.G.
Liao
Zirlik
Scherer-Crosbie
al.Ly-6Chigh
depend
reparative
phases
infarcted
myocardium.Circ.
114:
1611-1622Crossref
(142)
immediately
MI
then,
during
phase,
properties.
Nr4a1,
infiltrating
highly
unable
repair.
If
applicable
Nr4a1-deficient
could
Ly6hi
Nr4a1-dependent
manner.
Consistent
idea,
source
regression
(Rahman
2017Rahman
Vengrenyuk
Ramsey
S.A.
Vila
N.R.
Girgis
N.M.
Gusarova
V.
Gromada
Weinstock
Moore
al.Inflammatory
M2
regression.J.
127:
2904-2915Crossref
vary
widely
depending
interacting
variables
local
environment
("tissue
niche")
(Gosselin
2014Gosselin
Link
V.M.
Romanoski
C.E.
Fonseca
Eichenfield
D.Z.
Spann
N.J.
Stender
J.D.
Chun
Garner
H.
Glass
Environment
drives
selection
enhancers
controlling
tissue-specific
identities.Cell.
159:
1327-1340Abstract
(332)
Lavin
2014Lavin
Blecher-Gonen
David
Keren-Shaul
Merad
Jung
Amit
Tissue-resident
enhancer
landscapes
shaped
microenvironment.Cell.
1312-1326Abstract
(466)
metabolism
gut
microbiota
metabolites
2011Wang
Z.
Klipfell
Bennett
B.J.
Koeth
Levison
B.S.
Dugar
Feldstein
A.E.
Britt
E.B.
Fu
X.
Chung
Y.M.
al.Gut
flora
phosphatidylcholine
disease.Nature.
472:
57-63Crossref
(1453)
non-coding
RNAs
(Erbilgin
2013Erbilgin
Civelek
Pan
Hagopian
Berliner
Lusis
Identification
CAD
candidate
genes
GWAS
cells.J.
Lipid
54:
1894-1905Crossref
(42)
2015Chen
H.H.
Keyhanian
Zhou
Vilmundarson
R.O.
Almontashiri
N.A.
Cruz
Pandey
Lerma
Yap
Ho
Stewart
C.A.
al.IRF2BP2
reduces
susceptibility
671-683Crossref
(8)
2016Wu
X.Q.
Dai
Yang
Huang
Meng
X.M.
B.M.
Li
Emerging
microRNAs
regulating
activation
polarization
inflammation.Immunology.
148:
237-248Crossref
(23)
2016Amit
D.R.
epigenetics
shaping
identity
homeostasis.Nat.
18-25Crossref
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Phan
2017Phan
A.T.
Goldrath
A.W.
Metabolic
coordination
immunity.Immunity.
46:
714-729Abstract
Aryal
2014Aryal
Rotllan
Fernández-Hernando
Noncoding
atherosclerosis.Curr.
16:
407Crossref
program
spectrum
host
defense
general,
progression,
whereas
(Peled
Fisher,
2014Peled
Fisher
E.A.
Dynamic
aspects
regression.Front.
5:
579Crossref
(50)
By
secreting
cytokines,
proteases,
morphological
rupture
lumenal
thrombosis.
protective
collagenous
scar
(fibrous
cap).
Conversely,
stabilization.
clearing
dead
(efferocytosis),
stabilize
preventing
post-apoptotic
necrosis;
collagen
form
over
lesion;
producing
quell
Molecular
profiling
stages
demonstrated
suggestive
different
One
using
immunohistochemistry
RNA
CD68+
ends
inflammation-resolution
develop
(Stöger
2012Stöger
Gijbels
der
Velden
Manca
Loos
C.M.
Biessen
Daemen
Distribution
markers
ather
Язык: Английский
Modulation of the interleukin-6 signalling pathway and incidence rates of atherosclerotic events and all-cause mortality: analyses from the Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (CANTOS)
European Heart Journal,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
39(38), С. 3499 - 3507
Опубликована: Май 16, 2018
Canakinumab,
a
monoclonal
antibody
targeting
interleukin
(IL)-1β,
reduces
rates
of
recurrent
cardiovascular
events
without
lowering
lipids.
It
is
uncertain,
however,
to
what
extent
these
beneficial
outcomes
are
mediated
through
interleukin-6
(IL-6)
signalling,
an
issue
with
substantial
pathophysiologic
consequences
and
therapeutic
implications.A
total
4833
stable
atherosclerosis
patients
in
the
Canakinumab
Anti-Inflammatory
Thrombosis
Outcomes
Study
(CANTOS)
had
IL-6
levels
measured
before
randomization
after
treatment
placebo
or
one
three
doses
canakinumab
(50
mg,
150
300
mg)
given
subcutaneously
once
every
3
months.
Participants
were
followed
for
up
5
years
(median
follow-up
3.7
years).
Compared
those
allocated
placebo,
CANTOS
participants
receiving
who
achieved
on-treatment
below
study
median
value
1.65
ng/L
experienced
32%
reduction
major
adverse
[MACE,
multivariable
adjusted
hazard
ratio
(HRadj)
0.68,
95%
confidence
interval
(CI)
0.56-0.82;
P
<
0.0001],
30%
MACE
plus
additional
endpoint
hospitalization
unstable
angina
requiring
urgent
revascularization
(MACE+,
HRadj
0.70,
CI
0.59-0.84;
0.0001),
52%
mortality
(HRadj
0.48,
0.34-0.68;
48%
all-cause
0.52,
0.40-0.68;
0.0001)
prolonged
treatment.
In
contrast,
equal
above
taking
first
dose
no
significant
benefit
any
endpoints.
These
differential
findings
based
on
magnitude
response
seen
analyses
alternatively
tertiles
levels,
using
statistical
inference
approach
estimate
effect
among
individuals
would
achieve
targeted
level.CANTOS
provides
proof
concept
evidence
humans
that
modulation
signalling
pathway,
at
least
canakinumab,
associates
reduced
event
rates,
independent
lipid
lowering.ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01327846.
Язык: Английский
The roles of DNA, RNA and histone methylation in ageing and cancer
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
20(10), С. 573 - 589
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2019
Язык: Английский
Neutrophils as regulators of cardiovascular inflammation
Nature Reviews Cardiology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
17(6), С. 327 - 340
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2020
Язык: Английский
Clonal Hematopoiesis and Evolution to Hematopoietic Malignancies
Cell stem cell,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
22(2), С. 157 - 170
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2018
Язык: Английский
Association of Mutations Contributing to Clonal Hematopoiesis With Prognosis in Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure
JAMA Cardiology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
4(1), С. 25 - 25
Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2018
Importance
Somatic
mutations
causing
clonal
expansion
of
hematopoietic
cells
(clonal
hematopoiesis
indeterminate
potential
[CHIP])
are
increased
with
age
and
associated
atherosclerosis
inflammation.
Age
inflammation
the
major
risk
factors
for
heart
failure,
yet
association
CHIP
failure
in
humans
is
unknown.
Objective
To
assess
prognostic
significance
patients
chronic
(CHF)
owing
to
ischemic
origin.
Design,
Setting,
Participants
We
analyzed
bone
marrow–derived
mononuclear
from
200
CHF
by
deep
targeted
amplicon
sequencing
detect
presence
such
long-term
prognosis
at
University
Hospital
Frankfurt,
Germany.
Data
were
between
October
2017
April
2018.
Results
Median
was
65
years.
Forty-seven
a
variant
allele
fraction
(VAF)
least
0.02
found
38
(18.5%).
The
somatic
most
commonly
occurred
genes
DNMT3A (14
patients),
TET2 (9
patients),
KDM6A (4
patients),
and
BCOR (3
patients).
Patients
older
more
frequently
had
history
hypertension.
During
median
follow-up
4.4
years,
total
53
died,
23
required
hospitalization
failure.
There
significantly
worse
clinical
outcome
either
DNMT3A or
TET2 mutations
compared
non-CHIP
carriers.
By
multivariable
Cox
proportional
regression
analysis,
within
TET2 or
DNMT3A (HR,
2.1;
95%
CI,
1.1-4.0;
P
=
.02,
death
combined
hospitalization)
(HR,
1.04;
1.01-1.07
per
year;
P
.005)
but
not
hypertension
remained
independently
adverse
outcome.
Importantly,
there
significant
dose-response
VAF
Conclusions
Relevance
Our
data
suggest
that
cells,
specifically
mutated
driver
genes
TET2 and
DNMT3A ,
may
be
progression
poor
CHF.
Future
studies
will
have
validate
our
findings
larger
cohorts
address
whether
targeting
specific
inflammatory
pathways
valuable
precision
medicine
carrying
encoding
CHIP.
Язык: Английский
Anemia at older age: etiologies, clinical implications, and management
Blood,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
131(5), С. 505 - 514
Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2017
Язык: Английский
Bone marrow niches in haematological malignancies
Nature reviews. Cancer,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
20(5), С. 285 - 298
Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2020
Язык: Английский