Large
scale
transitions
between
active
(up)
and
silent
(down)
states
during
quiet
wakefulness
or
NREM
sleep
regulate
fundamental
cortical
functions
are
known
to
involve
both
excitatory
inhibitory
cells.
However,
if
how
inhibition
regulates
these
activity
is
unclear.
Using
fluorescence-targeted
electrophysiological
recording
cell-specific
optogenetic
manipulation
in
anesthetized
non-anesthetized
mice,
we
found
that
two
major
classes
of
interneurons,
the
parvalbumin
somatostatin
positive
cells,
tightly
control
up-to-down
down-to-up
state
transitions.
Inhibitory
regulation
transition
was
observed
under
natural
optogenetically-evoked
conditions.
Moreover,
perturbative
experiments
revealed
interneuron-type
specific.
Finally,
local
small
ensembles
interneurons
affected
populations
millimetres
away
from
modulated
region.
Together,
results
demonstrate
potently
gates
states,
reveal
cellular
mechanisms
by
which
microcircuits
at
mesoscale.
Deep
learning
has
led
to
significant
advances
in
artificial
intelligence,
part,
by
adopting
strategies
motivated
neurophysiology.
However,
it
is
unclear
whether
deep
could
occur
the
real
brain.
Here,
we
show
that
a
algorithm
utilizes
multi-compartment
neurons
might
help
us
understand
how
neocortex
optimizes
cost
functions.
Like
neocortical
pyramidal
neurons,
our
model
receive
sensory
information
and
higher-order
feedback
electrotonically
segregated
compartments.
Thanks
this
segregation,
different
layers
of
network
can
coordinate
synaptic
weight
updates.
As
result,
learns
categorize
images
better
than
single
layer
network.
Furthermore,
takes
advantage
multilayer
architectures
identify
useful
representations-the
hallmark
learning.
This
work
demonstrates
be
achieved
using
dendritic
compartments,
which
may
explain
morphology
neurons.
Cell,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
180(4), С. 666 - 676.e13
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2020
The
mystery
of
general
anesthesia
is
that
it
specifically
suppresses
consciousness
by
disrupting
feedback
signaling
in
the
brain,
even
when
feedforward
and
basic
neuronal
function
are
left
relatively
unchanged.
mechanism
for
such
selectiveness
unknown.
Here
we
show
three
different
anesthetics
have
same
disruptive
influence
on
along
apical
dendrites
cortical
layer
5
pyramidal
neurons
mice.
We
found
optogenetic
depolarization
distal
caused
robust
spiking
at
cell
body
under
awake
conditions
was
blocked
anesthesia.
Moreover,
blocking
metabotropic
glutamate
cholinergic
receptors
had
effect
dendrite
decoupling
as
or
inactivation
higher-order
thalamus.
If
occurs
predominantly
through
dendrites,
cellular
would
explain
not
only
how
selectively
blocks
this
but
also
why
conscious
perception
depends
both
cortico-cortical
thalamo-cortical
connectivity.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
598(7879), С. 144 - 150
Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2020
Abstract
Cortical
neurons
exhibit
extreme
diversity
in
gene
expression
as
well
morphological
and
electrophysiological
properties
1,2
.
Most
existing
neural
taxonomies
are
based
on
either
transcriptomic
3,4
or
morpho-electric
5,6
criteria,
it
has
been
technically
challenging
to
study
both
aspects
of
neuronal
the
same
set
cells
7
Here
we
used
Patch-seq
8
combine
patch-clamp
recording,
biocytin
staining,
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
more
than
1,300
adult
mouse
primary
motor
cortex,
providing
a
annotation
almost
all
transcriptomically
defined
cell
types.
We
found
that,
although
broad
families
types
(those
expressing
Vip
,
Pvalb
Sst
so
on)
had
distinct
essentially
non-overlapping
phenotypes,
individual
within
family
were
not
separated
space.
Instead,
there
was
continuum
variability
morphology
electrophysiology,
with
neighbouring
showing
similar
features,
often
without
clear
boundaries
between
them.
Our
results
suggest
that
neocortex
do
always
form
discrete
entities.
hierarchy
consists
branches
at
level
families,
but
can
continuous
correlated
morpho-electrical
landscapes
families.
Science,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
360(6384), С. 81 - 85
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2018
GABAergic
interneurons
(GABA,
γ-aminobutyric
acid)
regulate
neural-circuit
activity
in
the
mammalian
cerebral
cortex.
These
cortical
are
structurally
and
functionally
diverse.
Here,
we
use
single-cell
transcriptomics
to
study
origins
of
this
diversity
mouse.
We
identify
distinct
types
progenitor
cells
newborn
neurons
ganglionic
eminences,
embryonic
proliferative
regions
that
give
rise
interneurons.
precursors
show
temporally
spatially
restricted
transcriptional
patterns
lead
different
classes
adult
Our
findings
suggest
shortly
after
become
postmitotic,
their
is
already
patent
diverse
programs,
which
subsequently
guide
further
differentiation
developing
