Agricultural diversification promotes multiple ecosystem services without compromising yield

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(45)

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2020

Enhancing biodiversity in cropping systems is suggested to promote ecosystem services, thereby reducing dependency on agronomic inputs while maintaining high crop yields. We assess the impact of several diversification practices above- and belowground services by reviewing 98 meta-analyses performing a second-order meta-analysis based 5160 original studies comprising 41,946 comparisons between diversified simplified practices. Overall, enhances biodiversity, pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling, soil fertility, water regulation without compromising Practices targeting aboveground boosted control regulation, those enhanced regulation. Most often, resulted win-win support Variability responses occurrence trade-offs highlight context outcomes. Widespread adoption shows promise contribute conservation food security from local global scales.

Язык: Английский

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Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 13(6), С. 064006 - 064006

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2018

Georeferenced information on road infrastructure is essential for spatial planning, socio-economic assessments and environmental impact analyses. Yet current global maps are typically outdated or characterized by bias in coverage. In the Global Roads Inventory Project we gathered, harmonized integrated nearly 60 geospatial datasets into a roads dataset. The resulting dataset covers 222 countries includes over 21 million km of roads, which two to three times total length currently best available country-based datasets. We then related per country area, population density, GDP OECD membership, regression model with adjusted R2 0.90, found that highest densities associated densely populated wealthier countries. Applying our future estimates from Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios, obtained tentative estimate 3.0–4.7 additional year 2050. Large increases were projected developing nations some world's last remaining wilderness areas, such as Amazon, Congo basin New Guinea. This highlights need accurate underpin strategic planning order reduce impacts pristine ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Global forest loss disproportionately erodes biodiversity in intact landscapes

Nature, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 547(7664), С. 441 - 444

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Global wildlife trade across the tree of life

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 366(6461), С. 71 - 76

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2019

Wildlife trade is a multibillion dollar industry that driving species toward extinction. Of >31,500 terrestrial bird, mammal, amphibian, and squamate reptile species, ~18% (N = 5579) are traded globally. Trade strongly phylogenetically conserved, the hotspots of this concentrated in biologically diverse tropics. Using different assessment approaches, we predict that, owing to their phylogenetic replacement trait similarity currently future will affect up 3196 additional species-totaling 8775 at risk extinction from trade. Our underscores need for strategic plan combat with policies proactive rather than reactive, which especially important because can quickly transition being safe endangered as humans continue harvest across tree life.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of nitrogen addition on plant species richness and abundance: A global meta‐analysis

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 28(3), С. 398 - 413

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2018

Abstract Aim Experimental nitrogen (N) addition (fertilization) studies are commonly used to quantify the impacts of increased N inputs on plant biodiversity. However, given that community responses can vary considerably among individual studies, there is a clear need synthesize and generalize findings with meta‐analytical approaches. Our goal was changes in species richness abundance communities response across different environmental contexts, while controlling for experimental designs. Location Global. Time period Data range: 1985–2016; Publication years: 1990–2018. Major taxa studied Plants. Methods We performed meta‐analysis 115 experiments reported 85 assessing effects terrestrial natural semi‐natural communities. quantified local‐scale biodiversity relationship using four metrics: (SR), (IA), mean (MSA) geometric (GMA). Results For all metrics, greater amounts annual resulted larger declines diversity. Additionally, MSA decreased more steeply applied reduced (NH 4 + ) rather than oxidized ( form. Loss SR increasing found be warmer sites. Furthermore, losses were sites longer durations, smaller plot sizes lower soil cation exchange capacity. Finally, reductions N‐sensitive life‐form types (legumes non‐vascular plants). Main conclusions enrichment decreases both plants N‐addition experiments, but magnitude differs metrics context. This underlines importance integrating multiple dimensions relevant modifying factors into assessments global change.

Язык: Английский

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Intact but empty forests? Patterns of hunting-induced mammal defaunation in the tropics

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 17(5), С. e3000247 - e3000247

Опубликована: Май 14, 2019

Tropical forests are increasingly degraded by industrial logging, urbanization, agriculture, and infrastructure, with only 20% of the remaining area considered intact. However, this figure does not include other, more cryptic but pervasive forms degradation, such as overhunting. Here, we quantified mapped spatial patterns mammal defaunation in tropics using a database 3,281 abundance declines from local hunting studies. We simultaneously accounted for population probability extirpation function several predictors related to human accessibility remote areas species' vulnerability hunting. estimated an average decline 13% across all tropical species, medium-sized species being reduced >27% large mammals >40%. Mammal populations predicted be partially defaunated (i.e., 10%-100%) ca. 50% pantropical forest (14 million km2), (>70%) West Africa. According our projections, 52% intact (IFs) 62% wilderness (WAs) devoid mammals, may affect protected (PAs) tropics, particularly Central Africa Southeast Asia. The effects overhunting on have profound ramifications ecosystem functioning livelihoods wild-meat-dependent communities, underscore that coverage alone is necessarily indicative intactness. call systematic consideration (large-scale) biodiversity assessments representative estimates human-induced loss.

Язык: Английский

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Projecting terrestrial biodiversity intactness with GLOBIO 4

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(2), С. 760 - 771

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2019

Abstract Scenario‐based biodiversity modelling is a powerful approach to evaluate how possible future socio‐economic developments may affect biodiversity. Here, we evaluated the changes in terrestrial intactness, expressed by mean species abundance (MSA) metric, resulting from three of shared pathways (SSPs) combined with different levels climate change (according representative concentration [RCPs]): oriented towards sustainability (SSP1xRCP2.6), determined politically divided world (SSP3xRCP6.0) and continued global dependency on fossil fuels (SSP5xRCP8.5). To this end, first updated GLOBIO model, which now runs at spatial resolution 10 arc‐seconds (~300 m), contains new modules for downscaling land use quantifying impacts hunting tropics, quantify change, use, habitat fragmentation nitrogen pollution. We then used model project intactness 2015 2050 as function corresponding selected scenarios. estimated area‐weighted MSA 0.56 2015. Biodiversity declined all scenarios, yet decline was smaller scenario (−0.02) than regional rivalry fossil‐fuelled development scenarios (−0.06 −0.05 respectively). further found considerable variation projected among regions, large losses particularly sub‐Saharan Africa. In some scenario‐region combinations, recovery due reduced demands agricultural land, counteracted increased other pressures (notably road disturbance). Effective measures halt or reverse should not only reduce demand (e.g. increasing productivity dietary changes) but also focus reducing mitigating pressures.

Язык: Английский

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Combined impacts of deforestation and wildlife trade on tropical biodiversity are severely underestimated

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2018

Tropical forest diversity is simultaneously threatened by habitat loss and exploitation for wildlife trade. Quantitative conservation assessments have previously considered these threats separately, yet their impacts frequently act together. We integrate extent maps in 2000 2015 with a method of quantifying pressure based upon species' commercial value accessibility. do so 308 forest-dependent bird species, which 77 are commercially traded, the Southeast Asian biodiversity hotspot Sundaland. find 89% (274) species experienced average losses 16% estimate led to mean population declines 37%. Assessing combined deforestation indicates exploited much higher (54%), nearly doubling regionally endemic (from 27 51) extinction that should be IUCN Red Listed. Combined assessment major vital accurately quantify loss.

Язык: Английский

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Impacts of wildlife trade on terrestrial biodiversity

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(4), С. 540 - 548

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Effects of soil conservation techniques on water erosion control: A global analysis

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 645, С. 753 - 760

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2018

Язык: Английский

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