Increasing impacts of land use on biodiversity and carbon sequestration driven by population and economic growth

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 3(4), С. 628 - 637

Опубликована: Март 4, 2019

Язык: Английский

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The healthiness and sustainability of national and global food based dietary guidelines: modelling study

BMJ, Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown, С. m2322 - m2322

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2020

Abstract Objective To analyse the health and environmental implications of adopting national food based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) at a level compared with global targets. Design Modelling study. Setting 85 countries. Participants Population Main outcome measures A graded coding method was developed used to extract quantitative recommendations from FBDGs. The impacts these were assessed by using comparative risk assessment deaths chronic diseases set country specific footprints for greenhouse gas emissions, freshwater use, cropland fertiliser application. For comparison, World Health Organization EAT-Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets Sustainable Food Systems also analysed. Each guideline’s sustainability modelling its adoption both globally, comparing targets, including Action Agenda Non-Communicable Diseases, Paris Climate Agreement, Aichi biodiversity targets related land sustainable development goals planetary boundaries use Results Adoption FBDGs associated reductions in premature mortality 15% average (95% uncertainty interval 13% 16%) mixed changes resource demand, reduction emissions (regional range −34% 35%). When universally adopted most (83, 98%) not compatible least one About third (29, 34%) incompatible agenda non-communicable diseases, (57 74, 67% 87%) Agreement other In WHO similar changes, whereas 34% greater mortality, more than three times general attainment As an example, UK, US, China climate change, freshwater, nitrogen line recommendation could increase number avoided 78 000 (74 81 000) 104 (96 112 480 (445 516 585 (523 646 USA, 1 149 (1 095 204 802 664 941 China. Conclusions This analysis suggests that be healthier sustainable. Providing clearer advice limiting contexts consumption animal source foods, particular beef dairy, found have greatest potential increasing guidelines, intake whole grains, fruits vegetables, nuts seeds, legumes, reducing red processed meat, highlighting importance attaining balanced energy weight levels additional benefits. results observational data assuming causal relation between factors outcomes. certainty evidence relations is mostly as moderate existing meta-analyses.

Язык: Английский

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The science of plant‐based foods: Constructing next‐generation meat, fish, milk, and egg analogs

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 20(4), С. 4049 - 4100

Опубликована: Май 30, 2021

Abstract Consumers are increasingly demanding foods that more ethical, sustainable and nutritious to improve the health of themselves planet. The food industry is currently undergoing a revolution, as both small large companies pivot toward creation new generation plant‐based products meet this consumer demand. In particular, there an emphasis on production mimic those omnivores familiar with, such meat, fish, egg, milk, their products. main challenge in area simulate desirable appearance, texture, flavor, mouthfeel, functionality these using ingredients isolated entirely from botanical sources, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids. molecular, chemical, physical properties plant‐derived usually very different animal‐derived ones. It therefore critical understand fundamental how they can be assembled into structures resembling found animal This review article provides overview current status scientific understanding highlights areas where further research required. it focuses physical, functional ingredients; processing operations used convert products; and, science behind formulation vegan eggs, milk alternatives.

Язык: Английский

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Conceptual Models of Food Choice: Influential Factors Related to Foods, Individual Differences, and Society

Foods, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(12), С. 1898 - 1898

Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2020

Understanding individual food choices is critical for transforming the current system to ensure healthiness of people and sustainability planet. Throughout years, researchers from different fields have proposed conceptual models addressing factors influencing choice, recognized as a key leverage improve planetary human health. However, multidisciplinary approach needed better understand how are involved interact with each other in decision-making process. The present paper reviews analyzes existing models, providing an intact point-of-view by integrating elements into bigger framework. Key determinants general choice identified categorized, including food-internal factor (sensory perceptual features), food-external (information, social environment, physical environment), personal-state (biological features physiological needs, psychological components, habits experiences), cognitive (knowledge skills, attitude, liking preference, anticipated consequences, personal identity), well sociocultural (culture, economic variables, political elements). Moreover, possible directions influence among towards final were discussed. need impulses across research field support empirical data crucial understanding enriching models. framework here would serve roadmap facilitating communications collaborations between structural systematic way.

Язык: Английский

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Reducing meat consumption and following plant-based diets: Current evidence and future directions to inform integrated transitions

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 91, С. 380 - 390

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2019

Язык: Английский

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