COVID-19 lockdown allows researchers to quantify the effects of human activity on wildlife

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(9), С. 1156 - 1159

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Fear of humans as apex predators has landscape‐scale impacts from mountain lions to mice

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 22(10), С. 1578 - 1586

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2019

Apex predators such as large carnivores can have cascading, landscape-scale impacts across wildlife communities, which could result largely from the fear they inspire, although this has yet to be experimentally demonstrated. Humans supplanted apex in many systems, and similarly pervasive may now of human 'super predator'. We conducted a playback experiment demonstrating that sound humans speaking generates landscape with effects communities. Large avoided voices moved more cautiously when hearing humans, while medium-sized became elusive reduced foraging. Small mammals evidently benefited, increasing habitat use Thus, just predator at multiple trophic levels. Our results indicate globally observed on attributed anthropogenic activity explained by humans.

Язык: Английский

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Light pollution is a driver of insect declines

Biological Conservation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 241, С. 108259 - 108259

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2019

Язык: Английский

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One strategy does not fit all: determinants of urban adaptation in mammals

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 22(2), С. 365 - 376

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2018

Abstract Urbanisation exposes wildlife to new challenging conditions and environmental pressures. Some mammalian species have adapted these novel environments, but it remains unclear which characteristics allow them persist. To address this question, we identified 190 mammals regularly recorded in urban settlements worldwide, used phylogenetic path analysis test hypotheses regarding behavioural, ecological life history traits favour adaptation environments for different groups. Our results show that all produce larger litters; whereas other such as body size, behavioural plasticity diet diversity were important some not taxonomic This variation highlights the idiosyncrasies of process likely reflects niches roles can play. study contributes towards a better understanding mammal association humans, will ultimately design wildlife‐friendly contribute mitigate human‐wildlife conflicts.

Язык: Английский

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Adaptation, speciation and extinction in the Anthropocene

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 285(1891), С. 20182047 - 20182047

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2018

Humans have dramatically altered the planet over course of a century, from acidity our oceans to fragmentation landscapes and temperature climate. Species find themselves in novel environments, within communities assembled never before encountered mixtures invasives natives. The speed with which biotic abiotic environment species has changed already evolutionary trajectory species, trend that promises escalate. In this article, I reflect upon evolution. Human activities reshaped selection pressures, favouring individuals better survive built landscapes, avoid hunting fishing, best tolerate we introduced. Human-altered pressures also modified how organisms live move through landscape, even nature reproduction genome structure. are shaping at level, discuss traits affecting both extinction speciation rates Anthropocene.

Язык: Английский

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Why conservation biology can benefit from sensory ecology

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(4), С. 502 - 511

Опубликована: Март 16, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The conservation value of human-modified landscapes for the world’s primates

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2019

Abstract Land-use change pushes biodiversity into human-modified landscapes, where native ecosystems are surrounded by anthropic land covers (ALCs). Yet, the ability of species to use these emerging remains poorly understood. We quantified ALCs primates worldwide, and analyzed species’ attributes that predict such use. Most secondary forests tree plantations, while only few human settlements. used for foraging at least 86 with an important conservation outcome: those tolerate heavily modified 26% more likely have stable or increasing populations than global average all primates. There is no phylogenetic signal in Compared on Earth, using less often threatened extinction, but diurnal, medium large-bodied, not strictly arboreal, habitat generalists. These findings provide valuable quantitative information improving management practices primate worldwide.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological impacts of human‐induced animal behaviour change

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 23(10), С. 1522 - 1536

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2020

Abstract A growing body of literature has documented myriad effects human activities on animal behaviour, yet the ultimate ecological consequences these behavioural shifts remain largely uninvestigated. While it is understood that, in absence humans, variation behaviour can have cascading species interactions, community structure and ecosystem function, we know little about whether type or magnitude human‐induced translate into detectable change. Here synthesise empirical theory to create a novel framework for examining range behaviourally mediated pathways through which may affect different functions. We highlight few studies that show potential realisation some pathways, but also identify numerous factors dampen prevent consequences. Without deeper understanding risk wasting valuable resources mitigating with relevance, conversely mismanaging situations do drive The presented here be used anticipate nature likelihood outcomes prioritise management among widespread shifts, while suggesting key priorities future research linking ecology.

Язык: Английский

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The value of monitoring wildlife roadkill

European Journal of Wildlife Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 66(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2020

Abstract The number of wildlife-vehicle collisions has an obvious value in estimating the direct effects roads on wildlife, i.e. mortality due to vehicle collisions. Given nature data—species identification and location—there is, however, much wider ecological knowledge that can be gained by monitoring wildlife roadkill. Here, we review added opportunities provided these data, through a series case studies where such data have been instrumental contributing advancement species distributions, population dynamics, animal behaviour, as well informing us about health environment. We propose consistently, systematically, extensively roadkill facilitates five critical areas study: (1) numbers, (2) trends, (3) mapping native invasive (4) (5) contaminants disease. collection also offers valuable opportunity for members public directly involved scientific research (citizen science). Through continuing monitor roadkill, expand our across wide range areas, facilitating investigations aim reduce both indirect populations.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Land Use Changes and Habitat Fragmentation on the Eco-epidemiology of Tick-Borne Diseases

Journal of Medical Entomology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 58(4), С. 1546 - 1564

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2020

Abstract The incidence of tick-borne diseases has increased in recent decades and accounts for the majority vector-borne disease cases temperate areas Europe, North America, Asia. This emergence been attributed to multiple interactive drivers including changes climate, land use, abundance key hosts, people’s behaviors affecting probability human exposure infected ticks. In this forum paper, we focus on how use have shaped eco-epidemiology Ixodes scapularis-borne pathogens, particular Lyme spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto eastern United States. We as a model system, addressing other systems needed illustrate patterns or processes. first examine interacts with abiotic conditions (microclimate) biotic factors (e.g., host community composition) influence enzootic hazard, measured density host-seeking I. scapularis nymphs B. s.s. then review evidence specific landscape configuration, forest fragmentation, influences hazard risk across spatial scales urbanization levels. emphasize need dynamic understanding landscapes based tick pathogen movement habitat relation resource provisioning. propose coupled natural-human framework that interactions, nonlinearities feedbacks system conclude call standardization methodology terminology help integrate studies conducted at scales.

Язык: Английский

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