BioScience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
70(4), С. 330 - 342
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2020
Despite
their
limited
spatial
extent,
freshwater
ecosystems
host
remarkable
biodiversity,
including
one-third
of
all
vertebrate
species.
This
biodiversity
is
declining
dramatically:
Globally,
wetlands
are
vanishing
three
times
faster
than
forests,
and
populations
have
fallen
more
twice
as
steeply
terrestrial
or
marine
populations.
Threats
to
well
documented
but
coordinated
action
reverse
the
decline
lacking.
We
present
an
Emergency
Recovery
Plan
bend
curve
loss.
Priority
actions
include
accelerating
implementation
environmental
flows;
improving
water
quality;
protecting
restoring
critical
habitats;
managing
exploitation
ecosystem
resources,
especially
species
riverine
aggregates;
preventing
controlling
nonnative
invasions;
safeguarding
river
connectivity.
recommend
adjustments
targets
indicators
for
Convention
on
Biological
Diversity
Sustainable
Development
Goals
roles
national
international
state
nonstate
actors.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
586(7828), С. 217 - 227
Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2020
Humanity
will
soon
define
a
new
era
for
nature—one
that
seeks
to
transform
decades
of
underwhelming
responses
the
global
biodiversity
crisis.
Area-based
conservation
efforts,
which
include
both
protected
areas
and
other
effective
area-based
measures,
are
likely
extend
diversify.
However,
persistent
shortfalls
in
ecological
representation
management
effectiveness
diminish
potential
role
stemming
loss.
Here
we
show
how
expansion
by
national
governments
since
2010
has
had
limited
success
increasing
coverage
across
different
elements
(ecoregions,
12,056
threatened
species,
'Key
Biodiversity
Areas'
wilderness
areas)
ecosystem
services
(productive
fisheries,
carbon
on
land
sea).
To
be
more
successful
after
2020,
must
contribute
effectively
meeting
goals—ranging
from
preventing
extinctions
retaining
most-intact
ecosystems—and
better
collaborate
with
many
Indigenous
peoples,
community
groups
private
initiatives
central
biodiversity.
The
long-term
requires
parties
Convention
Biological
Diversity
secure
adequate
financing,
plan
climate
change
make
far
stronger
part
land,
water
sea
policies.
conservation—including
measures—after
2020
depend
securing
funding
prioritizing
management.
Biological Conservation,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
240, С. 108284 - 108284
Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2019
Substantial
increases
in
the
pace,
scale,
and
effectiveness
of
conservation
will
be
required
to
abate
ongoing
loss
global
biodiversity
simultaneous
ecological
degradation.
Concurrently,
need
for
respect
inherent
human
rights,
including
rights
title
Indigenous
Peoples,
is
increasingly
recognized.
Here,
we
describe
often
overlooked
role
that
resurgent
Indigenous-led
governance
could
have
driving
rapid,
socially
just
conservation.
Whereas
resurgence
spans
all
aspects
governance,
focus
on
three
highlight
both
necessity
nascent
potential
supporting
systems
as
they
relate
lands
seas.
Firstly,
much
landscapes
seascapes
interest
are
within
territories,
so
augmenting
them
not
possible,
justified,
nor
legal
without
consent
partnership.
Secondly,
provides
rapidly
increasing
spatial
coverage
conserved
areas.
Thirdly,
increased
effectiveness.
We
Canada,
a
country
disproportionately
composed
globally
significant
intact
ecosystems
other
with
considerable
value,
comprised
where
governments
well-positioned
advance
meaningful
at
large
scale.
discuss
broader
implications,
territories
covering
swaths
globe,
five
countries
(Canada,
USA,
Australia,
Brazil,
Russia)
whose
borders
contain
majority
world's
remaining
landscapes.
offer
suggestions
achieve
effective
just.
The
impacts
of
climate
change
and
the
socioecological
challenges
they
present
are
ubiquitous
increasingly
severe.
Practical
efforts
to
operationalize
climate-responsive
design
management
in
global
network
marine
protected
areas
(MPAs)
required
ensure
long-term
effectiveness
for
safeguarding
biodiversity
ecosystem
services.
Here,
we
review
progress
integrating
adaptation
into
MPA
provide
eight
recommendations
expedite
this
process.
Climate-smart
objectives
should
become
default
all
areas,
made
an
explicit
international
policy
target.
Furthermore,
incentives
use
more
dynamic
tools
would
increase
responsiveness
as
a
whole.
Given
ongoing
negotiations
on
conservation
targets,
now
is
ideal
time
proactively
reform
seascape
climate-biodiversity
reality.
Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
376(6597), С. 1094 - 1101
Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2022
Ambitious
conservation
efforts
are
needed
to
stop
the
global
biodiversity
crisis.
In
this
study,
we
estimate
minimum
land
area
secure
important
areas,
ecologically
intact
and
optimal
locations
for
representation
of
species
ranges
ecoregions.
We
discover
that
at
least
64
million
square
kilometers
(44%
terrestrial
area)
would
require
attention
(ranging
from
protected
areas
land-use
policies)
meet
goal.
More
than
1.8
billion
people
live
on
these
lands,
so
responses
promote
autonomy,
self-determination,
equity,
sustainable
management
safeguarding
essential.
Spatially
explicit
scenarios
suggest
1.3
is
risk
being
converted
intensive
human
uses
by
2030,
which
requires
immediate
attention.
However,
a
sevenfold
difference
exists
between
amount
habitat
in
optimistic
pessimistic
scenarios,
highlighting
an
opportunity
avert
Appropriate
targets
Post-2020
Global
Biodiversity
Framework
encourage
identified
contribute
substantially
biodiversity.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
10(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2019
Abstract
We
evaluate
methods
to
calculate
the
economic
value
of
protected
areas
derived
from
improved
mental
health
visitors.
A
conservative
global
estimate
using
quality-adjusted
life
years,
a
standard
measure
in
economics,
is
US$6
trillion
p.a.
This
an
order
magnitude
greater
than
area
tourism,
and
two
three
orders
aggregate
management
agency
budgets.
Future
research
should:
refine
this
more
precise
methods;
consider
interactions
between
conservation
policies
budgets
at
national
scales;
examine
links
personalities
experiences
individual
scale.
