Neuron,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
106(1), С. 166 - 176.e6
Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2020
Essential
features
of
the
world
are
often
hidden
and
must
be
inferred
by
constructing
internal
models
based
on
indirect
evidence.
Here,
to
study
mechanisms
inference,
we
establish
a
foraging
task
that
is
naturalistic
easily
learned
yet
can
distinguish
inference
from
simpler
strategies
such
as
direct
integration
sensory
data.
We
show
both
mice
humans
learn
strategy
consistent
with
optimal
state.
However,
acquire
this
more
than
an
order
magnitude
faster
mice.
Using
optogenetics
in
mice,
orbitofrontal
anterior
cingulate
cortex
inactivation
impacts
performance,
but
only
reverts
inference-based
stimulus-bound
decision
strategy.
These
results
cross-species
paradigm
for
studying
problem
making
begins
dissect
network
brain
regions
crucial
its
performance.
Complex
cognitive
functions
such
as
working
memory
and
decision-making
require
information
maintenance
over
seconds
to
years,
from
transient
sensory
stimuli
long-term
contextual
cues.
While
theoretical
accounts
predict
the
emergence
of
a
corresponding
hierarchy
neuronal
timescales,
direct
electrophysiological
evidence
across
human
cortex
is
lacking.
Here,
we
infer
timescales
invasive
intracranial
recordings.
Timescales
increase
along
principal
sensorimotor-to-association
axis
entire
cortex,
scale
with
single-unit
within
macaques.
Cortex-wide
transcriptomic
analysis
shows
alignment
between
expression
excitation-
inhibition-related
genes,
well
genes
specific
voltage-gated
transmembrane
ion
transporters.
Finally,
are
functionally
dynamic:
prefrontal
expand
during
individual
performance,
while
cortex-wide
compress
aging.
Thus,
follow
cytoarchitectonic
gradients
relevant
for
cognition
in
both
short
long
terms,
bridging
microcircuit
physiology
macroscale
dynamics
behavior.
Controlling
behavior
to
flexibly
achieve
desired
goals
depends
on
the
ability
monitor
one's
own
performance.
It
is
unknown
how
performance
monitoring
can
be
both
flexible,
support
different
tasks,
and
specialized,
perform
each
task
well.
We
recorded
single
neurons
in
human
medial
frontal
cortex
while
subjects
performed
two
tasks
that
involve
three
types
of
cognitive
conflict.
Neurons
encoding
conflict
probability,
conflict,
error
one
or
were
intermixed,
forming
a
representational
geometry
simultaneously
allowed
specialization
generalization.
retrospectively
served
update
internal
estimates
probability.
Population
representations
compositional.
These
findings
reveal
evaluative
signals
abstract
task-specific
suggest
neuronal
mechanism
for
estimating
control
demand.
Annual Review of Psychology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
75(1), С. 241 - 268
Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2023
Determining
the
psychological,
computational,
and
neural
bases
of
confidence
uncertainty
holds
promise
for
understanding
foundational
aspects
human
metacognition.
While
a
neuroscience
has
focused
on
mechanisms
underpinning
subpersonal
phenomena
such
as
representations
in
visual
or
motor
system,
metacognition
research
been
concerned
with
personal-level
beliefs
knowledge
about
self-performance.
I
provide
road
map
bridging
this
divide
by
focusing
particular
class
computation:
propositional
one's
own
(hypothetical)
decisions
actions.
Propositional
is
informed
observer's
models
world
their
cognitive
which
may
be
more
less
accurate—thus
explaining
why
metacognitive
judgments
are
inferential
sometimes
diverge
from
task
performance.
Disparate
findings
basis
performance
monitoring
integrated
into
common
framework,
new
locus
action
interventions
developed.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023
Intrinsic
timescales
characterize
dynamics
of
endogenous
fluctuations
in
neural
activity.
Variation
intrinsic
across
the
neocortex
reflects
functional
specialization
cortical
areas,
but
less
is
known
about
how
change
during
cognitive
tasks.
We
measured
local
spiking
activity
within
columns
area
V4
male
monkeys
performing
spatial
attention
The
ongoing
unfolded
at
least
two
distinct
timescales,
fast
and
slow.
slow
timescale
increased
when
attended
to
receptive
fields
location
correlated
with
reaction
times.
By
evaluating
predictions
several
network
models,
we
found
that
spatiotemporal
correlations
were
best
explained
by
model
which
multiple
arise
from
recurrent
interactions
shaped
spatially
arranged
connectivity,
attentional
modulation
results
an
increase
efficacy
interactions.
Our
suggest
may
connectivity
visual
cortex
flexibly
state
due
dynamic
effective
between
neurons.
Everyday
life
often
requires
arbitrating
between
pursuing
an
ongoing
action
plan
by
possibly
adjusting
it
versus
exploring
a
new
instead.
Resolving
this
so-called
exploitation-exploration
dilemma
involves
the
medial
prefrontal
cortex
(mPFC).
Using
human
intracranial
electrophysiological
recordings,
we
discovered
that
neural
activity
in
ventral
mPFC
infers
and
tracks
reliability
of
to
proactively
encode
upcoming
outcomes
as
either
learning
signals
or
potential
triggers
explore
plans.
By
contrast,
dorsal
exhibits
responses
outcomes,
which
results
improving
abandoning
plan.
Thus,
resolves
through
two-stage,
predictive
coding
process:
proactive
ventromedial
stage
constructs
functional
signification
reactive
dorsomedial
guides
behavior
response
outcomes.
