Industrial carbon dioxide capture and utilization: state of the art and future challenges

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 49(23), С. 8584 - 8686

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

This review covers the sustainable development of advanced improvements in CO₂capture and utilization.

Язык: Английский

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Agricultural intensification and climate change are rapidly decreasing insect biodiversity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2021

Major declines in insect biomass and diversity, reviewed here, have become obvious well documented since the end of World War II. Here, we conclude that spread intensification agriculture during past half century is directly related to these losses. In addition, many areas, including tropical mountains, are suffering serious losses because climate change as well. Crops currently occupy about 11% world's land surface, with active grazing taking place over an additional 30%. The industrialization second 20th involved farming on greatly expanded scales, monoculturing, application increasing amounts pesticides fertilizers, elimination interspersed hedgerows other wildlife habitat fragments, all practices destructive biodiversity near fields. Some insects destroying, pollinators predators crop pests, beneficial crops. tropics generally, natural vegetation being destroyed rapidly often replaced export crops such oil palm soybeans. To mitigate effects Sixth Mass Extinction event caused experiencing now, following will be necessary: a stable (and almost certainly lower) human population, sustainable levels consumption, social justice empowers less wealthy people nations world, where vast majority us live, necessary.

Язык: Английский

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Thermal bottlenecks in the life cycle define climate vulnerability of fish

Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 369(6499), С. 65 - 70

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2020

Some cope better than others Increasingly, research is revealing how organisms may, or may not, adapt to a changing climate. Understanding the limitations placed by species's physiology can help determine whether it has an immediate potential deal with rapid change. Many studies have looked at physiological tolerance climate change in fishes, results indicating range of responses. Dahlke et al. conducted meta-analysis explore life stage influence ability tolerate temperature (see Perspective Sunday). They found that embryos and breeding adult fishes are much more susceptible those other stages this factor must therefore be considered evaluations susceptibility. Science , issue p. 65 ; see also 35

Язык: Английский

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Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ, Год журнала: 2020, Номер unknown, С. m3811 - m3811

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2020

Abstract Objective To assess whether exposure to high temperatures in pregnancy is associated with increased risk for preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Design Systematic review random effects meta-analysis. Data sources Medline Web of Science searched up September 2018, updated August 2019. Eligibility criteria selecting studies Clinical on associations between environmental temperatures, stillbirths. Results 14 880 records 175 full text articles were screened. 70 included, set 27 countries, seven which countries or middle income. In 40 47 studies, births more common at higher than lower temperatures. Exposures classified as heatwaves, 1°C increments, temperature threshold cutoff points. meta-analysis, odds a rose 1.05-fold (95% confidence interval 1.03 1.07) per increase 1.16-fold (1.10 1.23) during heatwaves. Higher was reduced weight 18 28 considerable statistical heterogeneity. Eight stillbirths all showed stillbirth, increasing (1.01 1.08) rise temperature. Associations outcomes largest among women socioeconomic groups age extremes. The multiple metrics lag analyses limited comparison settings. Conclusions Although summary effect sizes are relatively small, heat exposures the important determinants population health. Linkages status study suggest that risks might be income countries. Temperature rises global warming could have major implications child registration PROSPERO CRD 42019140136 42018118113.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing China’s efforts to pursue the 1.5°C warming limit

Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 372(6540), С. 378 - 385

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2021

Change in the air The 2016 Paris Agreement set ambitious goals of keeping global temperature rise this century below 2°C, or even better, 1.5°C above preindustrial levels. Substantial interventions are required to meet these goals, particularly for industrialized countries. Duan et al. projected that China will need reduce its carbon emissions by more than 90% and energy consumption almost 40% do share reaching target. Negative emission technology is an essential element any plan. China's accumulated economic costs 2050 may be about 3 6% gross domestic product. Science , issue p. 378

Язык: Английский

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Descriptors for the Evaluation of Electrocatalytic Reactions: d‐Band Theory and Beyond

Advanced Functional Materials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 32(4)

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2021

Abstract Closing the carbon‐, hydrogen‐, and nitrogen cycle with renewable electricity holds promises for mitigation of facing environment energy crisis, along continuing prosperity human society. Descriptors bridge gap between physicochemical factors electrocatalysts their boosted activity serve as guiding principles during rational design electrocatalysts. The optimal adsorption strength key intermediates is potentially accessed under tendentious guidelines proposed by indicators, such d‐band center, Δ G H , E O* coordination number (CN), bond length, etc. Here, in this review, a comprehensive summary recent advances achieved regarding descriptors that aims recycling C/H/N‐containing chemicals offered. review initiated providing necessity development efficient then physics behind center introduced. Then progress relating to guidance reviewed. Following that, an extended discussion experimental or theoretical characterization beyond it provided. Finally, perspectives challenges area are

Язык: Английский

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Growing environmental footprint of plastics driven by coal combustion

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 5(2), С. 139 - 148

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2021

Abstract Research on the environmental impacts from global value chain of plastics has typically focused disposal phase, considered most harmful to environment and human health. However, production is also responsible for substantial environmental, health socioeconomic impacts. We show that carbon particulate-matter-related footprint doubled since 1995, due mainly growth in coal-based economies. Coal-based emissions have quadrupled causing almost half plastics-related 2015. Plastics-related footprints China’s transportation, Indonesia’s electronics industry India’s construction sector increased more than 50-fold 1995. In 2015, caused 4.5% greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, 6% coal electricity used production. The European Union United States increasingly consumed produced 85% workforce required by was employed abroad, but 80% related added generated domestically. As high-income regions outsourced energy-intensive steps economies, renewable energy investments throughout are critical sustainable consumption plastics.

Язык: Английский

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Why carbon pricing is not sufficient to mitigate climate change—and how “sustainability transition policy” can help

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 117(16), С. 8664 - 8668

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2020

Carbon pricing is often presented as the primary policy approach to address climate change. We challenge this position and offer “sustainability transition policy” (STP) an alternative. has weaknesses with regard five central dimensions: 1) problem framing solution orientation, 2) priorities, 3) innovation approach, 4) contextual considerations, 5) politics. In order urgency of change achieve deep decarbonization, responses need move beyond market failure reasoning focus on fundamental changes in existing sociotechnical systems such energy, mobility, food, industrial production. The core principles STP can help tackle challenge. Many are eager take more substantive steps change, but carbon alone won’t be sufficient. Image credit: Shutterstock/Shawn Goldberg. Realizing decarbonization at pace necessary mitigate worst impacts emerged a pressing for policymakers (1). As result, debate about appropriate intensified. Many experts societal actors see way forward (2⇓–4). Some even use it argue against other policies, fuel efficiency standards. Viewed most efficient cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, incentivizes seek lowest-cost abatement options their specific circumstances. Consequently, many economists that should cornerstone response. We question reasoning. faces major issues limit its accelerating decarbonization. First, frames rather than system problem. Second, places particular weight opposed effectiveness. Third, tends stimulate optimization transformation. Fourth, … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may addressed. Email: daniel.rosenbloom{at}utoronto.ca. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Язык: Английский

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Framing, Context, and Methods

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 147 - 286

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the 'Save PDF' action button.

Язык: Английский

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Post-2020 biodiversity targets need to embrace climate change

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 117(49), С. 30882 - 30891

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2020

Recent assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Science-Policy Platform Biodiversity Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have highlighted risks to humanity arising from unsustainable use of natural resources. Thus far, land, freshwater, ocean exploitation been chief causes biodiversity loss. change is projected be a rapidly increasing additional driver for Since climate loss impact human societies everywhere, bold solutions are required that integrate environmental societal objectives. As yet, most existing international targets overlooked impacts. At same time, mitigation measures themselves may harm directly. The Convention Biological Diversity’s post-2020 framework offers important opportunity address interactions between revise accordingly better aligning these with United Nations Framework Paris Agreement Sustainable Development Goals. We identify considerable number proposed risk being severely compromised due change, even if other barriers their achievement were removed. Our analysis suggests next set explicitly addresses change-related since many aspirational goals will not feasible under lower-end projections future warming. Adopting more flexible dynamic approaches conservation, rather than static goals, would allow us respond flexibly changes in habitats, genetic resources, species composition, ecosystem functioning leverage biodiversity’s capacity contribute adaptation.

Язык: Английский

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