Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
1872(4), С. 141017 - 141017
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2024
The
diversity
and
dynamics
of
proteins
play
essential
roles
in
maintaining
the
basic
constructions
functions
cells.
abundance
functional
is
regulated
by
transcription
translation
processes,
while
alternative
splicing
enables
same
gene
to
generate
distinct
protein
isoforms
different
lengths.
Beyond
transcriptional
translational
regulations,
post-translational
modifications
(PTMs)
are
able
further
expand
scope
proteins.
PTMs
have
been
shown
make
significant
changes
surface
charges,
structures,
activation
states,
interactome
Due
complexity,
highly
dynamic
nature,
low
presence
percentage,
study
remains
challenging.
Here
we
summarize
discuss
major
chemical
biology
tools
proteomics
approaches
enrich
investigate
PTM
interest.
Cell Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
34(11), С. 1620 - 1653
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2022
The
analogy
of
mitochondria
as
powerhouses
has
expired.
Mitochondria
are
living,
dynamic,
maternally
inherited,
energy-transforming,
biosynthetic,
and
signaling
organelles
that
actively
transduce
biological
information.
We
argue
the
processor
cell,
together
with
nucleus
other
they
constitute
mitochondrial
information
processing
system
(MIPS).
In
a
three-step
process,
(1)
sense
respond
to
both
endogenous
environmental
inputs
through
morphological
functional
remodeling;
(2)
integrate
network-based
physical
interactions
diffusion
mechanisms;
(3)
produce
output
signals
tune
functions
systemically
regulate
physiology.
This
input-to-output
transformation
allows
metabolic,
biochemical,
neuroendocrine,
local
or
systemic
enhance
organismal
adaptation.
An
explicit
focus
on
signal
transduction
emphasizes
role
communication
in
biology.
framework
also
opens
new
avenues
understand
how
mediate
inter-organ
processes
underlying
human
health.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Март 2, 2023
Abstract
Epigenetics
regulates
gene
expression
and
has
been
confirmed
to
play
a
critical
role
in
variety
of
metabolic
diseases,
such
as
diabetes,
obesity,
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD),
osteoporosis,
gout,
hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism
others.
The
term
‘epigenetics’
was
firstly
proposed
1942
with
the
development
technologies,
exploration
epigenetics
made
great
progresses.
There
are
four
main
epigenetic
mechanisms,
including
DNA
methylation,
histone
modification,
chromatin
remodelling,
noncoding
RNA
(ncRNA),
which
exert
different
effects
on
diseases.
Genetic
non-genetic
factors,
ageing,
diet,
exercise,
interact
jointly
affect
formation
phenotype.
Understanding
could
be
applied
diagnosing
treating
diseases
clinic,
biomarkers,
drugs,
editing.
In
this
review,
we
introduce
brief
history
well
milestone
events
since
proposal
‘epigenetics’.
Moreover,
summarise
research
methods
general
mechanisms
modulation.
Furthermore,
interaction
between
genetic
or
factors.
Finally,
clinical
trials
applications
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
7(1)
Опубликована: Июль 6, 2022
Abstract
Epigenetic
regulatory
mechanisms,
including
DNA
methylation,
histone
modification,
chromatin
remodeling,
and
microRNA
expression,
play
critical
roles
in
cell
differentiation
organ
development
through
spatial
temporal
gene
regulation.
Neurogenesis
is
a
sophisticated
complex
process
by
which
neural
stem
cells
differentiate
into
specialized
brain
types
at
specific
times
regions
of
the
brain.
A
growing
body
evidence
suggests
that
epigenetic
such
as
modifications,
allow
fine-tuning
coordination
spatiotemporal
expressions
during
neurogenesis.
Aberrant
modifications
contribute
to
neurodegenerative
neuropsychiatric
diseases.
Herein,
recent
progress
understanding
regulating
embryonic
adult
neurogenesis
comprehensively
reviewed.
The
implicated
diseases
are
also
covered,
future
directions
this
area
provided.
Experimental Eye Research,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
219, С. 109071 - 109071
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2022
The
global
prevalence
of
myopia,
or
nearsightedness,
has
increased
at
an
alarming
rate
over
the
last
few
decades.
An
eye
is
myopic
if
incoming
light
focuses
prior
to
reaching
retinal
photoreceptors,
which
indicates
a
mismatch
in
its
shape
and
optical
power.
This
commonly
results
from
excessive
axial
elongation.
Important
drivers
myopia
epidemic
include
environmental
factors,
genetic
their
interactions,
e.g.,
factors
influencing
effects
factors.
One
factor
often
hypothesized
be
driver
light,
changed
drastically
rapidly
on
scale.
In
support
this,
it
well
established
that
size
regulated
by
homeostatic
process
incorporates
visual
cues
(emmetropization).
allows
detect
minimize
refractive
errors
quite
accurately
locally
time
modulating
elongation
via
remodeling
outermost
coat,
sclera.
Critically,
emmetropization
not
dependent
post-retinal
processing.
Thus,
appear
influence
through
retina-to-sclera,
retinoscleral,
signaling
cascade,
capable
transmitting
information
innermost
layer
layer.
Despite
significant
research
interest,
specifics
retinoscleral
pathways
remain
elusive.
While
pharmacological
treatments
have
proven
effective
slowing
(most
notably
topical
atropine),
mechanisms
behind
these
are
still
fully
understood.
Additionally,
several
neuromodulators,
neurotransmitters,
other
small
molecules
been
found
length
and/or
error
influenced
myopigenic
cues,
yet
little
progress
made
explaining
how
signal
originates
retina
crosses
highly
vascular
choroid
affect
Here,
we
compile
synthesize
evidence
surrounding
three
major
candidate
receiving
attention
-
dopamine,
retinoic
acid,
adenosine.
All
candidates
both
correlational
causal
backing
involvement
implicated
multiple
independent
groups
across
diverse
species.
Two
presented
for
retina-originating
1)
all-trans
acid
2)
choroidal
blood
flow
scleral
oxygenation.
Evidence
crosstalk
between
discussed
context
two
mechanisms.
Autoimmune
diseases
such
as
ankylosing
spondylitis
(AS)
can
be
driven
by
emerging
neoantigens
that
disrupt
immune
tolerance.
Here,
we
developed
a
workflow
to
profile
posttranslational
modifications
involved
in
neoantigen
formation.
Using
mass
spectrometry,
identified
panel
of
cysteine
residues
differentially
modified
carboxyethylation
required
3-hydroxypropionic
acid
generate
patients
with
AS.
The
lysosomal
degradation
integrin
αIIb
[ITGA2B
(CD41)]
carboxyethylated
at
Cys96
(ITGA2B-ceC96)
generated
peptides
were
presented
HLA-DRB1*04
stimulate
CD4+
T
cell
responses
and
induce
autoantibody
production.
Immunization
HLA-DR4
transgenic
mice
the
ITGA2B-ceC96
peptide
promoted
colitis
vertebral
bone
erosion.
Thus,
metabolite-induced
give
rise
pathogenic
lead
autoreactive
production
autoimmune
diseases.
Abstract
Histone
H3
monoaminylations
at
Gln5
represent
an
important
family
of
epigenetic
marks
in
brain
that
have
critical
roles
permissive
gene
expression
1–3
.
We
previously
demonstrated
serotonylation
4–10
and
dopaminylation
9,11–13
histone
(H3Q5ser
H3Q5dop,
respectively)
are
catalysed
by
transglutaminase
2
(TG2),
alter
both
local
global
chromatin
states.
Here
we
found
TG2
additionally
functions
as
eraser
exchanger
monoaminylations,
including
H3Q5
histaminylation
(H3Q5his),
which
displays
diurnally
rhythmic
contributes
to
circadian
behaviour.
H3Q5his,
contrast
H3Q5ser,
inhibits
the
binding
WDR5,
a
core
member
Lys4
(H3K4)
methyltransferase
complexes,
thereby
antagonizing
activities
on
H3K4.
Taken
together,
these
data
elucidate
mechanism
through
single
regulatory
enzyme
has
ability
sense
chemical
microenvironments
affect
states
cells,
dynamics
regulation
neural
rhythmicity.
