Geological Society London Special Publications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
529(1), С. 1 - 39
Опубликована: Март 29, 2023
Abstract
Conservation
palaeobiology
informs
conservation
and
restoration
of
ecosystems
by
using
the
fossil
record
to
discriminate
between
baseline
novel
states
assess
ecosystem
response
perturbations.
Variability
in
time-scale
palaeobiological
data
can
generate
patterns
that
either
exaggerate
or
mute
magnitude
biotic
changes.
We
identify
two
approaches
remedy
challenges
associated
with
mixing
post-impact
transformation
stratigraphic
depth
time.
First,
combining
surface
death
assemblages
both
(1)
preserved
subsurface
historical
layers
(2)
living
better
resolve
nature
shifts
than
within-core
surveys
live–dead
analyses
alone.
Second,
post-mortem
age
distributions
skeletal
particles
their
preservation
are
not
only
informative
about
resolution
time
averaging
but
also
timing
changes
abundance
producers.
High
youngest
cohorts
is
a
null
expectation
disintegration
burial
dynamic.
When
this
dynamic
accounted
for,
benthic
invertebrates
from
Holocene
sediments
often
reveal
high
volatility,
prolonged
turn-offs
production
pervasive
regime
obscured
raw
record.
Cancer Discovery,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
11(4), С. 933 - 959
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2021
Abstract
Strategies
to
therapeutically
target
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
have
emerged
as
a
promising
approach
for
cancer
treatment
in
recent
years
due
critical
roles
of
TME
regulating
progression
and
modulating
response
standard-of-care
therapies.
Here,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
regarding
most
advanced
TME-directed
therapies,
which
either
been
clinically
approved
or
are
currently
being
evaluated
trials,
including
immunotherapies,
antiangiogenic
drugs,
treatments
directed
against
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
extracellular
matrix.
We
also
discuss
some
challenges
associated
with
future
perspectives
this
evolving
field.
Significance:
This
review
provides
comprehensive
analysis
therapies
targeting
TME,
combining
discussion
underlying
basic
biology
clinical
evaluation
different
therapeutic
approaches,
highlighting
perspectives.
Science,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
372(6544), С. 860 - 864
Опубликована: Май 21, 2021
The
pace
of
Holocene
vegetation
change
Although
much
is
known
about
the
rapid
environmental
changes
that
have
occurred
since
Industrial
Revolution,
patterns
over
preceding
millennia
been
only
patchily
understood.
Using
a
global
set
>1100
fossil
pollen
records,
Mottl
et
al.
explored
rates
past
18,000
years
(see
Perspective
by
Overpeck
and
Breshears).
authors
show
accelerated
markedly
during
Late
(∼4.6
to
2.9
thousand
ago),
even
more
rapidly
than
climate-driven
associated
with
end
last
glacial
period.
In
addition,
acceleration
began
for
terrestrial
communities
as
whole,
suggesting
in
turnover
two
centuries
tip
deeper
trend.
Science
,
abg1685,
this
issue
p.
860
;
see
also
abi9902,
786
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2021
Without
a
cure,
vaccine,
or
proven
long-term
immunity
against
SARS-CoV-2,
test-trace-and-isolate
(TTI)
strategies
present
promising
tool
to
contain
its
spread.
For
any
TTI
strategy,
however,
mitigation
is
challenged
by
pre-
and
asymptomatic
transmission,
TTI-avoiders,
undetected
spreaders,
who
strongly
contribute
hidden
infection
chains.
Here,
we
studied
semi-analytical
model
identified
two
tipping
points
between
controlled
uncontrolled
spread:
(1)
the
behavior-driven
reproduction
number
of
chains
becomes
too
large
be
compensated
capabilities,
(2)
new
infections
exceeds
tracing
capacity.
Both
trigger
self-accelerating
We
investigated
how
these
depend
on
challenges
like
limited
cooperation,
missing
contacts,
imperfect
isolation.
Our
results
suggest
that
alone
insufficient
an
otherwise
unhindered
spread
implying
complementary
measures
social
distancing
improved
hygiene
remain
necessary.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
120(7)
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2023
Paleontology
has
provided
invaluable
basic
knowledge
on
the
history
of
life
Earth.
The
discipline
can
also
provide
substantial
to
societal
challenges
such
as
climate
change.
long-term
perspective
change
impacts
natural
systems
is
both
a
unique
selling
point
and
major
obstacle
becoming
more
pertinent
for
policy-relevant
bodies
like
Intergovernmental
Panel
Climate
Change
(IPCC).
Repeated
experiments
without
anthropogenic
disturbance
facilitate
extraction
triggers
in
biodiversity
changes.
At
same
time,
long
timescales
over
which
paleontological
changes
are
usually
assessed
beyond
scope
policymakers.
Based
first-hand
experience
with
IPCC
quantitative
analysis
its
cited
literature,
we
argue
that
differences
temporal
less
an
issue
than
inappropriate
framing
reporting
most
publications.
Accepting
some
obstacles
will
remain,
paleontology
quickly
improve
relevance
by
targeting
directly
focusing
effect
sizes
projections,
particularly
higher-end
scenarios.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2020
Background
SARS-CoV-2
infection
represents
a
global
health
problem
that
has
affected
millions
of
people.
The
fine
host
immune
response
and
its
association
with
the
disease
course
have
not
yet
been
fully
elucidated.
Consequently,
we
analyze
circulating
B
cell
subsets
their
possible
relationship
COVID-19
features
severity.
Methods
Using
multiparametric
flow
cytometric
approach,
determined
frequencies
from
52
patients,
grouped
them
by
hierarchical
cluster
analysis,
correlated
values
clinical
data.
Results
frequency
CD19
+
cells
is
increased
in
severe
compared
to
mild
cases.
Specific
subset
such
as
transitional
increase
mild/moderate
cases
but
decrease
severity
disease.
Memory
compartment
decreased
critical
cases,
antibody-secreting
are
according
Other
non-typical
double-negative
also
showed
significant
changes
Globally,
these
differences
allow
us
identify
severity-associated
patient
clusters
specific
altered
subsets.
Finally,
respiratory
parameters,
biomarkers
inflammation,
scores
exhibited
correlations
some
subpopulations.
Conclusions
accompanied
subpopulations,
either
immature
or
terminally
differentiated.
Furthermore,
existing
laboratory
parameters
suggest
lymphocytes
could
serve
potential
even
active
participants
adaptive
antiviral
mounted
against
SARS-CoV-2.
Communications Earth & Environment,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
2(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2021
Abstract
Expanding
the
global
protected
area
network
is
critical
for
addressing
biodiversity
declines
and
climate
crisis.
However,
how
change
will
affect
ecosystem
representation
within
remains
unclear.
Here
we
use
spatial
analogs
to
examine
potential
climate-driven
shifts
in
terrestrial
ecoregions
biomes
under
a
+2
°C
warming
scenario
associated
implications
achieving
30%
area-based
protection
targets.
We
find
that
roughly
half
of
land
experience
conditions
correspond
with
different
nearly
quarter
climates
from
biome.
Of
projected
remain
climatically
stable,
46%
currently
intact
(low
human
modification).
The
required
achieve
targets
87%
exceeds
intact,
not
protected,
stable
those
ecoregions.
Therefore,
propose
prioritization
schemes
need
explicitly
consider
changes
patterns
biodiversity.
