Bioisosteres of the Phenyl Ring: Recent Strategic Applications in Lead Optimization and Drug Design

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 64(19), С. 14046 - 14128

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2021

The benzene moiety is the most prevalent ring system in marketed drugs, underscoring its historic popularity drug design either as a pharmacophore or scaffold that projects pharmacophoric elements. However, introspective analyses of medicinal chemistry practices at beginning 21st century highlighted indiscriminate deployment phenyl rings an important contributor to poor physicochemical properties advanced molecules, which limited their prospects being developed into effective drugs. This Perspective deliberates on and applications bioisosteric replacements for have provided practical solutions range developability problems frequently encountered lead optimization campaigns. While effect compound contextual nature, substitution can enhanced potency, solubility, metabolic stability while reducing lipophilicity, plasma protein binding, phospholipidosis potential, inhibition cytochrome P450 enzymes hERG channel.

Язык: Английский

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Toolbox for Distal C–H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 122(6), С. 5682 - 5841

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2021

Transition-metal-catalyzed C–H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted take help this methodology plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift helped in development industrial units as well, making synthesis natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In vast zone bond activation, functionalization proximal bonds gained utmost popularity. Unlike bonds, distal is more strenuous requires distinctly specialized techniques. review, we compiled various methods adopted functionalize mechanistic insights within each these procedures, scope methodology. With give complete overview expeditious progress made field organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving open for further modifications.

Язык: Английский

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A Perspective on Late-Stage Aromatic C–H Bond Functionalization

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 144(6), С. 2399 - 2414

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2022

Late-stage functionalization of C-H bonds (C-H LSF) can provide a straightforward approach to the efficient synthesis functionalized complex molecules. However, LSF is challenging because bond must be in presence various other functional groups. In this Perspective, we evaluate aromatic on basis four criteria─reactivity, chemoselectivity, site-selectivity, and substrate scope─and our own views current challenges as well promising strategies areas growth going forward.

Язык: Английский

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Site-selective C–H functionalization to access the arene backbone of indoles and quinolines

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 50(20), С. 11249 - 11269

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

The site-selective C-H bond functionalization of heteroarenes can eventually provide chemists with great techniques for editing and building complex molecular scaffolds. During the past decade, benzo-fused N-heterocycles such as indoles quinolines have been among most widely investigated organic templates. Early developments led to on pyrrole pyridine cores quinolines; however, benzenoid ring has remained a challenge in catalysis. In this review, we elaborate recent highly challenging bonds less-reactive core quinolines. These findings are mainly described selective directing group assisted strategies, remote their reaction mechanisms. underlying principle each strategy is elucidated, which aims facilitate design more advanced structure heterocycles based bioactive molecules, synthetic drugs, material aspects. Moreover, challenges perspectives catalytic access arene backbone also proposed conclusion section.

Язык: Английский

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C–H deuteration of organic compounds and potential drug candidates

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 51(8), С. 3123 - 3163

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

This review summarises deuteration methods of various organic motifs containing C(sp 2 )−H and 3 bonds utilizing C−H bond functionalisation as a key step along with variety catalysts, exemplifies their biological relevance.

Язык: Английский

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Remote steric control for undirected meta -selective C–H activation of arenes

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 375(6581), С. 658 - 663

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2022

Regioselective functionalization of arenes remains a challenging problem in organic synthesis. Steric interactions are often used to block sites adjacent given substituent, but they do not distinguish the remaining remote sites. We report strategy based on steric control, whereby roof-like ligand protects distant para site addition ortho sites, and thereby enables selective activation meta carbon-hydrogen (C–H) bonds absence or substituents. demonstrate this concept for iridium-catalyzed -selective borylation various monosubstituted arenes, including complex drug molecules. This has potential expand toolbox C–H bond previously nondifferentiable reaction

Язык: Английский

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Transition-metal-catalyzed C–H bond alkylation using olefins: recent advances and mechanistic aspects

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 51(17), С. 7358 - 7426

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Transition metal catalysis has contributed immensely to C-C bond formation reactions over the last few decades, and alkylation is no exception. The superiority of such methodologies traditional evident from minimal reaction steps, shorter times, atom economy while also allowing control regio- stereo-selectivity. In particular, hydrocarbonation alkenes grabbed increased attention due its fundamental ability effectively selectively synthesise a wide range industrially pharmaceutically relevant moieties. This review attempts provide scientific viewpoint systematic analysis recent developments in transition-metal-catalyzed various C-H bonds using simple activated olefins. key features mechanistic studies involved these transformations are described briefly.

Язык: Английский

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Photoinduced Regioselective Olefination of Arenes at Proximal and Distal Sites

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 144(4), С. 1929 - 1940

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2022

The Fujiwara–Moritani reaction has had a profound contribution in the emergence of contemporary C–H activation protocols. Despite applicability traditional approach different fields, associated reactivity and regioselectivity issues rendered it redundant. revival this exemplary requires development mechanistic paradigm that would have simultaneous control on both regioselectivity. Often, high thermal energy required to promote olefination leads multiple site functionalizations. To aim, we established photoredox catalytic system constituting merger palladium/organo-photocatalyst (PC) forges oxidative an explicit regioselective fashion with diverse arenes heteroarenes. Visible light plays significant role executing "regioresolved" reactions without requirement silver salts energy. is also amenable toward proximal distal aided by respective directing groups (DGs), which entails versatility protocol engaging entire spectrum C(sp2)–H olefination. Furthermore, streamlining synthesis natural products, chiral molecules, drugs, diversification through late-stage functionalizations underscore importance sustainable protocol. photoinduced attainment transformation mechanistically kinetic studies.

Язык: Английский

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Cobalt(III)/Chiral Carboxylic Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Benzothiadiazine‐1‐oxides via C−H Activation

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 61(28)

Опубликована: Май 2, 2022

Abstract Among sulfoximine derivatives containing a chiral sulfur center, benzothiadiazine‐1‐oxides are important for applications in medicinal chemistry. Here, we report that the combination of an achiral cobalt(III) catalyst and pseudo‐ C 2 ‐symmetric H 8 ‐binaphthyl carboxylic acid enables asymmetric synthesis from sulfoximines dioxazolones via enantioselective C−H bond cleavage. With optimized protocol, with several functional groups can be accessed high enantioselectivity.

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis of planar chiral ferrocenes via enantioselective remote C–H activation

Nature Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(6), С. 815 - 823

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2023

Язык: Английский

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