EDS1 signalling: At the nexus of intracellular and surface receptor immunity

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 62, С. 102039 - 102039

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2021

The conserved lipase-like protein EDS1 transduces signals from pathogen-activated intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors to transcriptional defences and host cell death. In this pivotal NLR signalling role, works as a heterodimer with each of its partners, SAG101 PAD4. Different properties EDS1-SAG101 EDS1-PAD4 complexes functional relationships sensor helper NLRs have emerged. dimers confer effector-triggered immunity mediated by TNL receptors. contrast, broader role promoting basal immune responses that can be initiated inside cells TNL- or CNL-type NLRs, at the surface LRR-receptor proteins. Characterizing essential elements these two modules will help connect receptor networks in plant system.

Язык: Английский

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The plant immune system: From discovery to deployment

Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187(9), С. 2095 - 2116

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Plant diseases cause famines, drive human migration, and present challenges to agricultural sustainability as pathogen ranges shift under climate change. breeders discovered Mendelian genetic loci conferring disease resistance specific isolates over 100 years ago. Subsequent breeding for underpins modern agriculture and, along with the emergence focus on model plants genetics genomics research, has provided rich resources molecular biological exploration last 50 years. These studies led identification of extracellular intracellular receptors that convert recognition microbe-encoded patterns or pathogen-delivered virulence effectors into defense activation. receptor systems, downstream responses, define plant immune systems have evolved since migration land ∼500 million Our current understanding provides platform development rational enhancement control many continue plague crop production.

Язык: Английский

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Shared TIR enzymatic functions regulate cell death and immunity across the tree of life

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6605)

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2022

In the 20th century, researchers studying animal and plant signaling pathways discovered a protein domain that is shared across diverse innate immune systems: Toll/interleukin-1/resistance gene (TIR) domain. The TIR found in several architectures was defined as an adaptor mediates protein-protein interactions immunity developmental pathways. However, studies of nerve degeneration animals-and subsequent breakthroughs plant, bacterial, archaeal systems-revealed domains possess enzymatic activities. We provide synthesis functions role various related products evolutionarily systems. These may ultimately guide interventions would span tree life, from treating human neurodegenerative disorders bacterial infections to preventing diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Cyclic ADP ribose isomers: Production, chemical structures, and immune signaling

Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(6614)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Cyclic adenosine diphosphate (ADP)–ribose (cADPR) isomers are signaling molecules produced by bacterial and plant Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form) (NAD + ) hydrolysis. We show that v-cADPR (2′cADPR) v2-cADPR (3′cADPR) cyclized O-glycosidic bond formation between the ribose moieties in ADPR. Structures of 2′cADPR-producing TIR reveal conformational changes lead to an active assembly resembles those Toll-like adaptor domains. Mutagenesis reveals a conserved tryptophan is essential for cyclization. 3′cADPR activator ThsA effector proteins from antiphage defense system termed Thoeris suppressor immunity when HopAM1. Collectively, our results molecular basis cADPR isomer production establish bacteria as antiviral immunity–suppressing molecule.

Язык: Английский

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Cyclic nucleotide-induced helical structure activates a TIR immune effector

Nature, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 608(7924), С. 808 - 812

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2022

Язык: Английский

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