The Resilience of Plant–Pollinator Networks

Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 68(1), С. 363 - 380

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2022

There is growing awareness of pollinator declines worldwide. Conservation efforts have mainly focused on finding the direct causes, while paying less attention to building a systemic understanding fragility these communities pollinators. To fill this gap, we need operational measures network resilience that integrate two different approaches in theoretical ecology. First, should consider range conditions compatible with stable coexistence all species community. Second, address rate and shape collapse once safe space exited. In review, describe integrative approach several mechanisms may enhance communities, chiefly rewiring interactions, increasing heterogeneity, allowing variance, enhancing coevolution. The most pressing develop ways reduce gap between recommendations practical applications. This perspective shifts emphasis from traditional focusing equilibrium states strategies allow pollination networks cope global environmental change.

Язык: Английский

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Integrating eco‐evolutionary dynamics and modern coexistence theory

Ecology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(10), С. 2091 - 2106

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2022

Community ecology typically assumes that competitive exclusion and species coexistence are unaffected by evolution on the time scale of ecological dynamics. However, recent studies suggest rapid operating concurrently with competition may enable coexistence. Such findings necessitate general theory incorporates contributions eco-evolutionary processes in parallel purely mechanisms provides metrics for quantifying role shaping outcomes both modelling empirical contexts. To foster development such theory, here we extend interpretation two principal modern theory-niche ability differences-to systems where competitors evolve. We define versions these considering how invading resident adapt to conspecific heterospecific competitors. show niche differences sums evolutionary processes, they accurately predict potential stable previous theoretical Finally, this frames assessments effects coexistence, work dynamics can be further integrated.

Язык: Английский

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How does genetic architecture affect eco-evolutionary dynamics? A theoretical perspective

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 377(1855)

Опубликована: Май 30, 2022

Recent studies have revealed the importance of feedbacks between contemporary rapid evolution (i.e. that occurs through changes in allele frequencies) and ecological dynamics. Despite its inherent interdisciplinary nature, however, on eco-evolutionary been mostly tended to focus adaptation at phenotypic level without considering genetic architecture evolutionary processes. In empirical studies, researchers often compared dynamics when focal species under selection has a single genotype with it multiple genotypes. theoretical common approaches are models quantitative traits where mean trait values change adaptively along fitness gradient Mendelian two alleles locus. On other hand, is well known can affect short-term population genetics. Indeed, recent demonstrated (e.g. number loci, linkage disequilibrium ploidy) matters rescue prevents extinction cycles driven by (co)evolution). I propose will promote synthesis functional genomics combine genetics ecology as nonlinear time-series analyses using emerging big data. This article part theme issue ‘Genetic basis speciation: from loci causative mutations’.

Язык: Английский

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Quantifying interspecific and intraspecific diversity effects on ecosystem functioning

Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 105(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2023

Rapid environmental changes result in massive biodiversity loss, with detrimental consequences for the functioning of ecosystems. Recent studies suggest that intraspecific diversity can contribute to ecosystem an extent comparable contributions interspecific diversity. Knowledge on relative importance these two sources is essential predicting loss and will aid prioritization conservation targets implementation management measures. However, our quantitative insights into how affects effects be compared are still very limited. To facilitate such insights, we extend Price partitioning method originally introduced by J. Fox 2006, previously used quantify species gain functioning, also account function. Using this extended version yield information required answering research questions addressing correlations between identifying groups large effects, assessing whether compensate losses Applying carefully designed experiments provide additional at different ecological levels contributes functioning.

Язык: Английский

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From synthetic communities to synthetic ecosystems: exploring causalities in plant–microbe–environment interactions

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 5, 2024

Summary The plant microbiota research field has rapidly shifted from efforts aimed at gaining a descriptive understanding of composition to focus on acquiring mechanistic insights into functions and assembly rules. This evolution was driven by our ability establish comprehensive collections plant‐associated microbes reconstruct meaningful microbial synthetic communities (SynComs). We argue that this powerful deconstruction–reconstruction strategy can be used reconstitute increasingly complex ecosystems (SynEcos) mechanistically understand high‐level biological organization. transitioning simple more advanced, fully tractable programmable gnotobiotic SynEcos is ongoing aims rationally simplifying natural engineering them. Such reconstitution ecology approaches represent an untapped for bridging the gap between functional biology unraveling plant–microbiota–environment mechanisms modulate ecosystem health, assembly, functioning.

Язык: Английский

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The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

Environmental Sciences Europe, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023

Abstract Background New genomic techniques (NGTs) allow new genotypes and traits to be developed in different ways with outcomes compared previous genetic engineering methods or conventional breeding (including non-targeted mutagenesis). EU GMO regulation requires an assessment of their direct indirect effects that may immediate, delayed cumulative. Such also result from the interactions NGT organisms simultaneously present a shared receiving environment emerge combination traits. This review elaborates such potential based on literature reasoned scenarios identify possible pathways harm. Main findings might introduced into food chains large-scale, involving many traits, across broad range species within short periods time. Unavoidably, this would increase likelihood will occur through between are, for example environment. It has assumed cumulative these exceed sum risks identified distinct ‘events’. Consequently, risk assessors managers not only need consider associated individual (‘events’), but should take account resulting combinatorial effects. In addition, prospective technology could help manager defining criteria minimize unintended limiting scale releases. Conclusions If genetically engineered (GE) derived NGTs are released environment, potentially negative impacts minimized. As all GE organisms, it is, therefore, crucial assess events, which can trigger adverse impacts. is necessary develop hypotheses specific explore harm perspective precautionary principle. introduction provide instrument control releases organisms.

Язык: Английский

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Phylogenetically‐conserved candidate genes unify biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships and eco‐evolutionary dynamics across biological scales

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(16), С. 4467 - 4481

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2023

Abstract The intra‐ and interspecific facets of biodiversity have traditionally been analysed separately, limiting our understanding how evolution has shaped biodiversity, (as a whole) alters ecological dynamics hence eco‐evolutionary feedbacks at the community scale. Here, we propose using candidate genes phylogenetically‐conserved across species sustaining functional traits as an inclusive unit transcending boundaries. This framework merges knowledge from genomics ecology, first provide guidelines concrete example for identifying (PCCGs) within communities measuring PCCGs. We then explain measured PCCGs can be linked to ecosystem functions, which unifies recent observations that both are important functions. highlight processes shaping PCCG diversity patterns argue their respective role inferred concepts derived population genetics. Finally, may shift field focal‐species approach more realistic focal‐community approach. provides novel perspective investigate global consequences loss biological scales, these changes further alter evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Dispersal stabilizes coupled ecological and evolutionary dynamics in a host-parasitoid system

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 383(6688), С. 1240 - 1244

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

When ecological and evolutionary dynamics occur on comparable timescales, persistence of the ensuing eco-evolutionary requires both stability. This unites key questions in ecology evolution: How do species coexist, what maintains genetic variation a population? In this work, we investigated host-parasitoid system which pea aphid hosts rapidly evolve resistance to

Язык: Английский

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The root of plant-plant interactions: Belowground special cocktails

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 80, С. 102547 - 102547

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

Plants interact with each other via a multitude of processes among which belowground communication facilitated by specialized metabolites plays an important but overlooked role. Until now, the exact targets, modes action, and resulting phenotypes that these induce in neighboring plants have remained largely unknown. Moreover, positive interactions driven release root exudates are prevalent both natural field conditions controlled laboratory environments. In particular, intraspecific suggest genotypic recognition mechanism addition to non-self perception plant roots. This review concentrates on recent discoveries regarding how one another through signals intra- interspecific mixtures. Furthermore, we elaborate enhanced understanding can propel agroecology forward.

Язык: Английский

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Single-gene resolution of diversity-driven overyielding in plant genotype mixtures

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2023

In plant communities, diversity often increases productivity and functioning, but the specific underlying drivers are difficult to identify. Most ecological theories attribute positive effects complementary niches occupied by different species or genotypes. However, nature of niche complementarity remains unclear, including how it is expressed in terms trait differences between plants. Here, we use a gene-centred approach study mixtures natural Arabidopsis thaliana Using two orthogonal genetic mapping approaches, find that between-plant allelic at AtSUC8 locus strongly associated with mixture overyielding. encodes proton-sucrose symporter root tissues. Genetic variation affects biochemical activities protein variants this sensitivities growth changes substrate pH. We thus speculate - particular case studied here evolutionary divergence along an edaphic gradient resulted genotypes now drives overyielding mixtures. Identifying genes important for ecosystem functioning may ultimately allow linking processes drivers, help identify traits effects, facilitate development high-performance crop variety

Язык: Английский

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