The Journal of Physiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 11, 2025
Abstract
MicroRNAs
are
small,
highly
conserved
non‐coding
RNAs
that
negatively
regulate
mRNA
translation
and
stability.
In
the
brain,
miRNAs
contribute
to
neuronal
development,
synaptogenesis,
synaptic
plasticity.
MicroRNA
138‐5p
(miR‐138‐5p)
controls
inhibitory
transmission
in
hippocampus
is
expressed
cerebellar
excitatory
neurons.
However,
its
specific
role
remains
unknown.
Here,
we
investigated
cerebellum
of
mice
expressing
a
sponge
construct
sequesters
endogenous
miR‐138‐5p.
Mossy
fibre
stimulation‐evoked
EPSCs
granule
cells
were
∼40%
larger
miR‐138‐5p
compared
controls.
Furthermore,
observed
miniature
EPSC
amplitudes,
suggesting
an
increased
number
functional
postsynaptic
AMPA
receptors.
High‐frequency
train
stimulation
revealed
enhanced
short‐term
depression
following
downregulation.
Together
with
computational
modelling,
this
suggests
negative
regulation
presynaptic
release
probability.
Overall,
our
results
demonstrate
suppresses
strength
through
pre‐
mechanisms,
providing
potentially
powerful
mechanism
for
tuning
input
into
cerebellum.
image
Key
points
regulators
control
key
cell
biological
processes
including
transmission,
but
their
regulating
function
has
remained
elusive.
study,
how
microRNA‐138‐5p
modulates
at
adult
murine
mossy
synapses.
Downregulation
enhances
layer
increases
depression.
exerts
regulatory
both
mechanisms
by
probability
boutons,
as
well
receptor
numbers
cells.
These
findings
provide
insights
expand
understanding
microRNA‐dependent
Cell,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
186(24), С. 5411 - 5427.e23
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023
Neurons
build
synaptic
contacts
using
different
protein
combinations
that
define
the
specificity,
function,
and
plasticity
potential
of
synapses;
however,
diversity
proteomes
remains
largely
unexplored.
We
prepared
synaptosomes
from
7
transgenic
mouse
lines
with
fluorescently
labeled
presynaptic
terminals.
Combining
microdissection
5
brain
regions
fluorescent-activated
synaptosome
sorting
(FASS),
we
isolated
analyzed
18
synapse
types.
discovered
∼1,800
unique
synapse-type-enriched
proteins
allocated
thousands
to
types
synapses
(https://syndive.org/).
identify
shared
modules
highlight
proteomic
hotspots
for
specialization.
reveal
common
features
striatal
dopaminergic
proteome
discover
signatures
relate
functional
properties
interneuron
classes.
This
study
provides
a
molecular
systems-biology
analysis
framework
integrate
information
subtypes
interest
cellular
or
circuit-level
experiments.
Neuron,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
112(12), С. 2015 - 2030.e5
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024
Synchronous
neuronal
activity
is
a
hallmark
of
the
developing
brain.
In
mouse
cerebral
cortex,
decorrelates
during
second
week
postnatal
development,
progressively
acquiring
characteristic
sparse
pattern
underlying
integration
sensory
information.
The
maturation
inhibition
seems
critical
for
this
process,
but
interneurons
involved
in
crucial
transition
network
cortex
remain
unknown.
Using
vivo
longitudinal
two-photon
calcium
imaging
period
that
precedes
change
from
highly
synchronous
to
decorrelated
activity,
we
identify
somatostatin-expressing
(SST+)
as
modulators
switch
mice.
Modulation
SST+
cells
accelerates
or
delays
decorrelation
cortical
process
involves
regulating
parvalbumin-expressing
(PV+)
interneurons.
critically
link
inputs
with
local
circuits,
controlling
neural
dynamics
while
modulating
other
into
nascent
circuits.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
629(8011), С. 402 - 409
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024
Abstract
Throughout
life,
neuronal
networks
in
the
mammalian
neocortex
maintain
a
balance
of
excitation
and
inhibition,
which
is
essential
for
computation
1,2
.
Deviations
from
balanced
state
have
been
linked
to
neurodevelopmental
disorders,
severe
disruptions
result
epilepsy
3–5
To
balance,
microcircuits
composed
excitatory
inhibitory
neurons
sense
alterations
neural
activity
adjust
connectivity
function.
Here
we
identify
signalling
pathway
adult
mouse
that
activated
response
increased
network
activity.
Overactivation
signalled
through
an
increase
levels
BMP2,
growth
factor
well
known
its
role
as
morphogen
embryonic
development.
BMP2
acts
on
parvalbumin-expressing
(PV)
interneurons
transcription
SMAD1,
controls
array
glutamatergic
synapse
proteins
components
perineuronal
nets.
PV-interneuron-specific
disruption
BMP2–SMAD1
accompanied
by
loss
innervation
PV
cells,
underdeveloped
nets
decreased
excitability.
Ultimately,
this
impairment
functional
recruitment
disrupts
cortical
excitation–inhibition
with
mice
exhibiting
spontaneous
epileptic
seizures.
Our
findings
suggest
developmental
repurposed
stabilize
brain.
European Neuropsychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
82, С. 44 - 52
Опубликована: Март 14, 2024
Parvalbumin-expressing
(PV+)
interneurons
represent
one
of
the
most
abundant
subclasses
cortical
interneurons.
Owing
to
their
specific
electrophysiological
and
synaptic
properties,
PV+
are
essential
for
gating
pacing
activity
excitatory
neurons.
In
particular,
critically
involved
in
generating
maintaining
rhythms
gamma
frequency,
which
complex
cognitive
functions.
Deficits
have
been
frequently
reported
postmortem
studies
schizophrenia
patients,
alterations
oscillations
a
prominent
feature
disease.
Here,
I
summarise
main
features
review
clinical
preclinical
linking
developmental
dysfunction
with
pathophysiology
schizophrenia.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(17)
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
A
key
feature
of
excitatory
synapses
is
the
existence
subsynaptic
protein
nanoclusters
(NCs)
whose
precise
alignment
across
cleft
in
a
transsynaptic
nanocolumn
influences
strength
synaptic
transmission.
However,
whether
properties
vary
between
functioning
different
cellular
contexts
unknown.
We
used
combination
confocal
and
DNA-PAINT
super-resolution
microscopy
to
directly
compare
organization
shared
scaffold
proteins
at
two
important
synapses—those
forming
onto
principal
neurons
(Ex→Ex
synapses)
those
parvalbumin-expressing
interneurons
(Ex→PV
synapses).
As
Ex→Ex
synapses,
we
find
that
Ex→PV
presynaptic
Munc13-1
postsynaptic
PSD-95
both
form
NCs
demonstrate
alignment,
underscoring
nanostructure
as
conserved
organizational
principles
synapses.
Despite
general
conservation
these
features,
observed
specific
differences
characteristics
pre-
nanostructure.
contained
larger
PSDs
with
fewer
when
accounting
for
size
than
Furthermore,
were
denser.
The
identity
cell
was
also
represented
organization,
hosted
puncta
less
dense
but
more
numerous
NCs.
Moreover,
measured
spatial
variability
synapse
types,
revealing
over
distinct
range
distances
compared
conclude
while
are
shared,
cell-specific
elements
nanodomain
likely
contribute
functional
diversity
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(25)
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024
Cortical
networks
exhibit
complex
stimulus–response
patterns
that
are
based
on
specific
recurrent
interactions
between
neurons.
For
example,
the
balance
excitatory
and
inhibitory
currents
has
been
identified
as
a
central
component
of
cortical
computations.
However,
it
remains
unclear
how
required
synaptic
connectivity
can
emerge
in
developing
circuits
where
synapses
neurons
simultaneously
plastic.
Using
theory
modeling,
we
propose
wide
range
response
properties
arise
from
single
plasticity
paradigm
acts
at
all
connections—Hebbian
learning
is
stabilized
by
synapse-type-specific
competition
for
limited
supply
resources.
In
plastic
circuits,
this
enables
formation
decorrelation
inhibition-balanced
receptive
fields.
Networks
develop
an
assembly
structure
with
stronger
connections
similarly
tuned
normalization
orientation-specific
center-surround
suppression,
reflecting
stimulus
statistics
during
training.
These
results
demonstrate
self-organize
into
functional
suggest
essential
role
competitive
development
circuits.
Frontiers in Neurology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2023
Individuals
with
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
exhibit
a
diverse
range
of
behavioral
features
and
genetic
backgrounds,
but
whether
different
forms
involve
convergent
pathophysiology
brain
function
is
unknown.
Here,
we
analyze
evidence
for
deficits
in
neural
circuit
across
multiple
transgenic
mouse
models
ASD.
We
focus
on
sensory
areas
neocortex,
where
differences
may
underlie
atypical
processing,
central
feature
autism.
Many
distinct
circuit-level
theories
ASD
have
been
proposed,
including
increased
excitation–inhibition
(E–I)
ratio
hyperexcitability,
hypofunction
parvalbumin
(PV)
interneuron
circuits,
impaired
homeostatic
plasticity,
degraded
coding,
others.
review
these
assess
the
degree
convergence
each.
Behaviorally,
our
analysis
reveals
that
innate
detection
behavior
heightened
discrimination
many
models.
Neurophysiologically,
PV
E–I
are
prevalent
only
rarely
generate
hyperexcitability
excess
spiking.
Instead,
tuning
other
aspects
coding
commonly
explain
behavior.
Two
phenotypic
clusters
opposing
signatures
evident
Such
clustering
could
suggest
physiological
subtypes
autism,
which
facilitate
development
tailored
therapeutic
approaches.
Current Opinion in Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
84, С. 102840 - 102840
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024
Astrocytes
interact
with
various
cell
types,
including
neurons,
vascular
cells,
microglia,
and
peripheral
immune
cells.
These
interactions
are
crucial
for
regulating
normal
brain
functions
as
well
modulating
neuroinflammation
in
pathological
conditions.
Recent
transcriptomic
proteomic
studies
have
identified
critical
molecules
involved
astrocytic
crosstalk
other
shedding
light
on
their
roles
maintaining
homeostasis
both
healthy
diseased
perform
these
through
either
direct
or
indirect
physical
associations
neuronal
synapses
vasculature.
Furthermore,
astrocytes
can
communicate
such
T
natural
killer
secreted
during
neuroinflammation.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
the
molecular
basis
of
underlying
mechanisms
astrocyte
communication
We
propose
that
function
a
central
hub
inter-connecting
vasculatures,
cells
brains.
eNeuro,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
10(5), С. ENEURO.0475 - 22.2023
Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023
SYNGAP1
haploinsufficiency
in
humans
causes
intellectual
disability
(ID).
is
highly
expressed
cortical
excitatory
neurons
and,
reducing
its
expression
mice
accelerates
the
maturation
of
synapses
during
sensitive
developmental
periods,
restricts
critical
period
window
for
plasticity,
and
impairs
cognition.
However,
specific
role
interneurons
remains
largely
undetermined.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
effects
conditional
Syngap1
disruption
medial
ganglionic
eminence
(MGE)-derived
on
hippocampal
interneuron
firing
properties
synaptic
inputs,
as
well
pyramidal
cell
inhibition
integration.
We
show
that
MGE-derived
results
cell-specific
impairment
Nkx2.1
fast-spiking
interneurons,
with
enhancement
their
AMPA
receptor
(AMPAR)-mediated
inputs
but
compromised
short-term
plasticity.
contrast,
regular-spiking
are
unaffected.
These
changes
associated
impaired
enhanced
summation
responses.
Unexpectedly,
found
Syngap1flox
allele
used
study
contains
inverted
loxP
sites
targeted
recombination
induces
some
loss
embryonic
development
reversible
inversion
sequence
flanked
by
postmitotic
cells.
Together,
these
suggest
plays
a
regulation
function
cells
mice.
because
our
finding
sites,
it
will
be
important
to
further
investigate
using
different
allele.