Immunity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 55(6), С. 945 - 964
Опубликована: Май 10, 2022
Язык: Английский
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Abstract The mucosal immune system, as the most extensive peripheral network, serves frontline defense against a myriad of microbial and dietary antigens. It is crucial in preventing pathogen invasion establishing tolerance. A comprehensive understanding immunity essential for developing treatments that can effectively target diseases at their entry points, thereby minimizing overall impact on body. Despite its importance, our knowledge remains incomplete, necessitating further research. outbreak severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has underscored critical role disease prevention treatment. This systematic review focuses dynamic interactions between mucosa-associated lymphoid structures related diseases. We delve into basic functions these tissues during processes explore intricate regulatory networks mechanisms involved. Additionally, we summarize novel therapies clinical research advances immunity-related also addresses challenges vaccines, which aim to induce specific responses while maintaining tolerance non-pathogenic microbes. Innovative therapies, such nanoparticle vaccines inhalable antibodies, show promise enhancing offer potential improved
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
9
MedComm, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(2)
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025
Rapid advances in vaccine technology are becoming increasingly important tackling global health crises caused by respiratory virus infections. While traditional vaccines, primarily administered intramuscular injection, have proven effective, they often fail to provide the broad upper tract mucosal immunity, which is urgently needed for first-line control of viral Furthermore, vaccines may not adequately address immune escape emerging variants. In contrast, developed using body's response mechanism can simultaneously establish both systemic and immunity. This dual action effectively allows system function as first line defense, preventing infections at entry points. review highlights efficacy including innovative delivery methods such nasal oral formulations, enhancing local barriers. Notably, offer potential advantages protecting against variants maintaining long-term multidimensional memory tract. addition, a combination largely improves their coverage effectiveness, providing valuable insights future development public inoculation strategies.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
4
Metabolism Open, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14, С. 100180 - 100180
Опубликована: Март 17, 2022
Vaccination programs against SARS-CoV-2 constitute the mainstay of public health interventions global COVID-19 pandemic. Currently available vaccines have shown 90% or better rates protection severe disease and mortality. Barely a year after became available, Omicron variant its unprecedented speed transmission has posed new challenge. Overall, presents increased immune escape, transmissibility, decreased pathogenicity. Vaccines do not offer full acquisition, since "breakthrough" infections may occur in fully vaccinated individuals, who turn spread virus to others. Breakthrough be causally related viral profile (viral load, incubation period, pathogenicity, evasion), immunity characteristics (mucosal versus systemic immunity, duration etc.), host determinants (age, comorbidities, status, immunosuppressive drugs) vaccination properties (platform, antigen dose, dose number, interval, route administration). Determining rate breakthrough challenging necessitates conduction population-based studies regarding vaccine effectiveness as well neutralizing antibody testing, surrogate protection. In this review, we analyze causes infections, their clinical consequences (severity infection transmission), methods determining incidence challenges perspectives. Long COVID multi-inflammatory syndrome adolescents significantly reduced infections. The need for universal pancoranavirus that would aim at protecting plethora variants emerging is discussed. Finally, novel strategies, such nasal vaccines, confer robust mucosal protection, reducing efficiently transmission.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
69
eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11
Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2022
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) have been key drivers new disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic waves. To better understand variant epidemiologic characteristics, here we apply a model-inference system to reconstruct SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in South Africa, country that has experienced three VOC waves (i.e. Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1) by February 2022. We estimate quantities each the nine African provinces during March 2020 2022, while accounting for changing detection rates, infection seasonality, nonpharmaceutical interventions, vaccination. Model validation shows estimated underlying rates parameters (e.g. infection-detection rate infection-fatality risk) are line with independent epidemiological data investigations. In addition, retrospective predictions capture trajectories beyond model training period. These detailed, validated estimates thus enable quantification both immune erosion potential transmissibility major VOCs, is, BA.1. findings help elucidate COVID-19 inform future public health planning.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
57
Immunity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 55(6), С. 945 - 964
Опубликована: Май 10, 2022
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
51