Deep seabed mining: Frontiers in engineering geology and environment

International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023

Abstract Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years, making great contributions to industrialization. Given the increasing demand energy, along with restructuring of energy supply catalyzed by efforts achieve a low-carbon economy, deep seabed will play an important role in addressing energy- and resource-related problems future. However, remains exploratory stage, many challenges presented high-pressure, low-temperature, complex geologic hydrodynamic environments deep-sea areas, which are inaccessible human activities. Thus, considerable required ensure sustainable, economic, reliable, safe mining. This study reviews latest advances marine engineering geology environment related activities, presents bibliometric analysis development ocean mineral resources since 1950s, summarizes development, theory, issues techniques three stages (i.e., exploration, extraction, closure), discusses environment, geological disasters, in-situ monitoring techniques, environmental protection requirements, effects detail. Finally, this paper gives some key conclusions future perspectives provide insights subsequent studies commercial operations.

Язык: Английский

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Key issues in assessing threats to sea turtles: knowledge gaps and future directions

Endangered Species Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52, С. 303 - 341

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2023

Sea turtles are an iconic group of marine megafauna that have been exposed to multiple anthropogenic threats across their different life stages, especially in the past decades. This has resulted population declines, and consequently many sea turtle populations now classified as threatened or endangered globally. Although some worldwide showing early signs recovery, still face fundamental threats. is problematic since important ecological roles. To encourage informed conservation planning direct future research, we surveyed experts identify key contemporary (climate change, take, fisheries, pollution, disease, predation, coastal development) faced by turtles. Using survey results current literature, also outline knowledge gaps our understanding impact these how targeted often involving emerging technologies, could close those gaps.

Язык: Английский

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Deep seabed mining lacks social legitimacy

npj Ocean Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023

The impacts of deep seabed mining on people have not been sufficiently researched or addressed. Using a legitimacy framework, we discuss the social-equity dimensions this emerging industry in ocean commons.

Язык: Английский

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Worldwide Soundscapes: a synthesis of passive acoustic monitoring across realms

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2024

Abstract The urgency for remote, reliable, and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on climate ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), but there been no comprehensive overview of its coverage across realms. We present metadata from 358 datasets recorded since 1991 above land water constituting the first global synthesis sampling spatial, temporal, ecological scales. compiled summary statistics (sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa, recording parameters) used eleven case studies to assess trends biological, anthropogenic, geophysical sounds. Terrestrial is spatially denser (42 sites/M·km 2 ) than aquatic (0.2 1.3 oceans freshwater) with only one subterranean dataset. Although diel lunar cycles are well-covered all realms, marine (65%) comprehensively sample seasons. Across biological sounds show contrasting activity, while declining distance equator anthropogenic activity. PAM can thus inform phenology, macroecology, conservation studies, representation be improved by widening terrestrial taxonomic breadth, expanding high seas, increasing spatio-temporal replication freshwater habitats. Overall, shows considerable promise support efforts.

Язык: Английский

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Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 34(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort comprehensive overview of PAM coverage gauge its potential as global research tool. To address gap, created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, collaborative network growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise spatial, temporal ecological scales using describing locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa audio recording parameters. explore trends biological, anthropogenic geophysical sounds based 168 selected recordings 12 realms. Results Terrestrial is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm 2 ) than aquatic (0.3 1.8 sites/Mkm oceans fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel lunar cycles are well sampled realms, marine (55%) comprehensively sample seasons. Across exploring acoustic trends, biological showed contrasting patterns ecosystems, declined distance Equator, were negatively correlated sounds. Main Conclusions inform macroecological studies conservation phenology syntheses, but representation be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, high seas spatio‐temporal replication habitats. Overall, holds promise support cross‐realm efforts.

Язык: Английский

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Green transition mineral supply risks: Comparing artisanal and deep-sea cobalt mining in a time of climate crisis

The Extractive Industries and Society, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14, С. 101232 - 101232

Опубликована: Март 8, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Land and deep-sea mining: the challenges of comparing biodiversity impacts

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(4), С. 1125 - 1164

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Abstract The term ‘biodiversity,’ while casually used in practice, is a complicated subject to measure, interpret, contextualize, and compare. Yet the possible advent of deep-sea mining mid-2020’s compels us compare potential impacts biodiversity loss across ecologically distant realms, formidable task. Supplying world’s green infrastructure expected lead shortages nickel, cobalt other metals; meanwhile polymetallic nodules sitting atop abyssal plains Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) Pacific Ocean contain billions tons cobalt, copper manganese, enough solve supply issues. Implicit society’s decision whether exploit this resource tradeoff harm CCZ’s seafloor its overlying water column, versus intensification rainforests terrestrial habitats. Here we frame challenges comparing such different spanning gamut from normative fundamental: ambiguities definitions, lack protocol standardization, physical measurement, difficulties integrate measures among taxonomic groups, profound differences between contextual necessity attribute value mathematical index results, constraints current knowledge about species, ecosystems system level change. Quantitative alone cannot rank one above other; must be supplemented with qualitative judgements tangible intangible values species habitats natural systems humans, along consideration threats that they face.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change to drive increasing overlap between Pacific tuna fisheries and emerging deep-sea mining industry

npj Ocean Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(1)

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023

Abstract In ocean areas beyond national jurisdiction, various legal regimes and governance structures result in diffused responsibility create challenges for management. Here we show those are set to expand with climate change driving increasing overlap between eastern Pacific tuna fisheries the emerging industry of deep-sea mining. Climate models suggest that distributions will shift coming decades. Within Clarion-Clipperton Zone Ocean, a region containing 1.1 million km 2 mining exploration contracts, total biomass bigeye, skipjack, yellowfin species forecasted increase relative today under two tested climate-change scenarios. Percentage increases 10–11% 30–31% 23% yellowfin. The interactions mining, fish populations, complex unknown. However, these projected indicate potential conflict resultant environmental economic repercussions be exacerbated climate-altered ocean. This has implications holistic sustainable management this area, pathways suggested closing critical gaps.

Язык: Английский

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Mining on land or in the deep sea? Overlooked considerations of a reshuffling in the supply source mix

Resources Conservation and Recycling, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 191, С. 106898 - 106898

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023

In a context of high global demand for energy transition minerals, the possibility accessing large resources in deep sea appears to some as supply and financial opportunity. This article posits that deep-sea mining (DSM) could become significant part mix metals required battery manufacture, namely cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel. Under conceivable scenario, reshuffling favour DSM would negatively affect other metal suppliers, particularly terrestrial sector. have negative implications jurisdictions localities. After laying out current state knowledge, paper provides preliminary analysis assesses future vulnerabilities extractive locations. We characterise sources manganese nickel social, political, economic contexts which are located. Factors considered include jurisdiction's dependence on governance score; communities' remoteness; projects' relative position cost curve. More predictive macro-economic analyses needed assess scale indirect effects trigger.

Язык: Английский

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Wireless acoustic energy harvesting through an air-water metasurface with dual coupling resonators

Physical Review Applied, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(2)

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024

Extremely large acoustic impedance mismatching generates a natural barrier at the air-water interface, resulting in significantly impeding bidirectional wave propagation across heterogeneous interface. Here, an metasurface with dual coupling resonators is proposed to enhance transmission which facilitates implementation of wireless harvesting for energy A theoretical model established and derived obtain analytical expressions between microstructural geometric parameters. The analysis reveals that highly efficient mechanism depends on effect resonant cavities nonresonance modes. enhanced interface investigated verified numerically experimentally, maximum enhancement measured be approximately 19 dB peak frequency. Finally, implemented experimentally by integrating designed contact-separation-mode triboelectric nanogenerator, captured from waves effectively operates six LED lamps. ``bottom-up'' design methodology based acoustic-metasurface-embedded system opens promising routes underwater energy-supplying platforms medical ultrasound therapy.

Язык: Английский

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