Conflation of reforestation with restoration is widespread

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 383(6684), С. 698 - 701

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024

Across Africa, vast areas of nonforest are threatened by inappropriate restoration in the form tree planting.

Язык: Английский

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Multi-decadal trends and variability in burned area from the fifth version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5)

Earth system science data, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(11), С. 5227 - 5259

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2023

Abstract. Long-term records of burned area are needed to understand wildfire dynamics, assess fire impacts on ecosystems and air quality, improve forecasts. Here, we fuse multiple streams remote sensing data create a 24 year (1997–2020) dataset monthly as component the fifth version Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5). During 2001–2020, use Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD64A1 product adjust for errors commission omission. Adjustment factors estimated based region, land cover, tree cover fraction, using spatiotemporally aligned from Landsat or Sentinel-2. Burned in croplands, peatlands, deforestation regions is MODIS active detections. Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) used extend time series back 1997. The global annual during 2001–2020 be 774 ± 63 Mha yr−1 5.9 0.5 % ice-free land. declined by 1.21 0.66 yr−1, cumulative decrease 24.2 13.2 over 20 years. reduction primarily driven fires savannas, grasslands, croplands. Forest, peat, did not exhibit significant long-term trends. GFED5 93 higher than MCD64A1, 61 GFED4s, closer agreement with products higher-resolution satellite sensors. These may reduce discrepancies between emission estimates activity-based atmospheric-based approaches, our understanding carbon cycle climate system. freely accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7668423 (Chen et al., 2023).

Язык: Английский

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Deforestation impacts soil biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(13)

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Deforestation poses a global threat to biodiversity and its capacity deliver ecosystem services. Yet, the impacts of deforestation on soil associated services remain virtually unknown. We generated dataset including 696 paired-site observations investigate how native forest conversion other land uses affects properties, biodiversity, functions with delivery multiple The forests plantations, grasslands, croplands resulted in higher bacterial diversity more homogeneous fungal communities dominated by pathogens lower abundance symbionts. Such conversions also significant reductions carbon storage, nutrient cycling, functional rates related organic matter decomposition. Responses microbial community deforestation, guilds, were predominantly regulated changes pH total phosphorus. Moreover, we found that functioning warmer wetter is especially vulnerable deforestation. Our work highlights loss managed ecosystems major soils their

Язык: Английский

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The grassland carbon cycle: Mechanisms, responses to global changes, and potential contribution to carbon neutrality

Fundamental Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 3(2), С. 209 - 218

Опубликована: Окт. 22, 2022

Grassland is one of the largest terrestrial biomes, providing critical ecosystem services such as food production, biodiversity conservation, and climate change mitigation. Global land-use intensification have been causing grassland degradation desertification worldwide. As primary medium for energy flow biogeochemical cycling, carbon (C) cycling most fundamental process maintaining services. In this review, we first summarize recent advances in our understanding mechanisms underpinning spatial temporal patterns C cycle, discuss importance grasslands regulating inter- intra-annual variations global fluxes, explore previously unappreciated complexity abiotic processes controlling balance, including soil inorganic accumulation, photochemical thermal degradation, wind erosion. We also how changes could alter balance by modifying water budget, nutrient additional plant processes. Further, examine why increasing aridity improper land use may induce significant losses stocks. Finally, identify several priorities future research, improving strengthening monitoring dynamics integrating ground inventory, flux monitoring, modern remote sensing techniques, selecting appropriate species combinations with suitable traits strong resistance to fluctuations, which would help design sustainable restoration strategies a changing climate.

Язык: Английский

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Multi-decadal trends and variability in burned area from the 5th version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5)

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Abstract. Long-term records of burned area are needed to understand wildfire dynamics, assess fire impacts on ecosystems and air quality, improve forecasts. Here we fuse multiple streams remote sensing data create a 24-year (1997–2020) dataset monthly as component the 5th version Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5). During 2001–2020, use Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MCD64A1 product correct for errors commission omission. Adjustment factors estimated based region, land cover, tree cover fraction, using spatiotemporally aligned from Landsat or Sentinel-2. Burned in cropland, peatland, deforestation regions is MODIS active detections. Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) used extend time series back 1997. annual be 774 ± 63 Mha yr−1 during 2001–2020 5.9 0.5 % ice-free land. declined by 1.21 0.66 yr−1, cumulative decrease 24.2 13.2 over 20 years. The global reduction primarily driven decreases within savannas, grasslands, croplands. Forest, peat, fires did not exhibit long-term trends. GFED5 93 higher than MCD64A1, 61 GFED4s, closer agreement with products higher-resolution satellite sensors. These may reduce discrepancies between emission estimates top-down bottom-up approaches, understanding carbon cycle climate system.

Язык: Английский

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AI chatbots contribute to global conservation injustices

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2024

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven language models (chatbots) progressively accelerate the collection and translation of environmental evidence that could be used to inform planetary conservation plans strategies. Yet, consequences chatbot-generated content have never been globally assessed. Drawing on distributive, recognition, procedural, epistemic dimensions justice, we interviewed analysed 30,000 responses from ChatGPT ecological restoration expertise, stakeholder engagements, techniques. Our results show more than two-thirds chatbot’s answers rely expertise male academics working at universities in United States, while largely ignoring low- lower-middle-income countries (7%) Indigenous community experiences (2%). A focus planting reforestation techniques (69%) underpins optimistic outcomes (60%), neglecting holistic technical approaches consider non-forest ecosystems (25%) non-tree species (8%). This analysis highlights how biases AI-driven knowledge production can reinforce Western science, overlooking diverse sources perspectives regarding research practices. In fast-paced domain generative AI, safeguard mechanisms are needed ensure these expanding chatbot developments incorporate just principles addressing pace scale worldwide crisis.

Язык: Английский

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Dissolved carbon flow to particulate organic carbon enhances soil carbon sequestration

SOIL, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(2), С. 441 - 450

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

Abstract. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated (MAOC), which are two primary components of the soil (C) reservoir, have different physical chemical properties as well biochemical turnover rates. Microbial necromass entombment is a mechanism for MAOC formation from fast-decaying plant substrates, whereas POC typically considered product structural litter via fragmentation. However, emerging evidence shows that microbial by-products derived labile C substrates can enter pool. To date, it still unclear to what extent dissolved pool how affects subsequent long-term (SOC) storage. Our study here, through 13C-labeling experiment in 10 soils 5 grassland sites modeling analysis, showed up 12.29 % isotope-labeled glucose (i.e., C) was detected In addition, glucose-derived correlated with 13C-MBC (microbial biomass carbon) fraction clay silt, suggesting flow dependent on interactions between processes. The analysis ignoring MBC significantly underestimated sequestration by 53.52 across soils. results emphasize mineral-regulated process, besides residues, significant contributor POC, acting vital component SOC dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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Variability and drivers of grassland sensitivity to drought at different timescales using satellite image time series

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 331, С. 109325 - 109325

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Prioritize grassland restoration to bend the curve of biodiversity loss

Restoration Ecology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(5)

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

In times of unprecedented climate change, ecological restoration efforts have a strong focus on forests for the purpose carbon sequestration. Grasslands, in contrast, remain relatively neglected global policies. Concurrently, we are midst biodiversity crisis—it is estimated that 1 million species globally threatened with extinction. Here, present analyses from central Europe and southern Brazil show majority our endangered plant fact found open ecosystems. Using Germany as an example, could reduce extinction risk by up to 82% if restore open, grassy This also holds true Brazil, where grassland constitute single largest share species, but ecosystems continue be systematically We further expand argument include role can play mitigating change. posit ramping may not only best bet bend curve loss, it will make critical contribution resilience dynamic decades come. It time receive higher priority policy.

Язык: Английский

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Global analysis of Poales diversification – parallel evolution in space and time into open and closed habitats

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 242(2), С. 727 - 743

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2023

Poales are one of the most species-rich, ecologically and economically important orders plants often characterise open habitats, enabled by unique suites traits. We test six hypotheses regarding evolution assembly in closed habitats throughout world, examine whether diversification patterns demonstrate parallel evolution. sampled 42% species obtained taxonomic biogeographic data from World Checklist Vascular Plants database, which was combined with open/closed habitat scored experts. A dated supertree constructed. integrated spatial phylogenetics regionalisation analyses, historical biogeography ancestral state estimations. Diversification result dynamic evolutionary processes that vary across lineages, time space, prominently tropical southern latitudes. Our results reveal recurrent trait transitions species-rich families Poaceae Cyperaceae. Smaller display divergent trajectories. The have achieved global dominance via notable, spatially phylogenetically restricted divergences into strictly habitats.

Язык: Английский

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