Herbivory limits success of vegetation restoration globally

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 382(6670), С. 589 - 594

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2023

Restoring vegetation in degraded ecosystems is an increasingly common practice for promoting biodiversity and ecological function, but successful implementation hampered by incomplete understanding of the processes that limit restoration success. By synthesizing terrestrial aquatic studies globally (2594 experimental tests from 610 articles), we reveal substantial herbivore control under restoration. Herbivores at sites reduced abundance more strongly (by 89%, on average) than those relatively undegraded suppressed, rather fostered, plant diversity. These effects were particularly pronounced regions with higher temperatures lower precipitation. Excluding targeted herbivores temporarily or introducing their predators improved magnitudes similar to greater achieved managing competition facilitation. Thus, herbivory a promising strategy enhancing efforts.

Язык: Английский

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Seagrass genomes reveal ancient polyploidy and adaptations to the marine environment

Nature Plants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(2), С. 240 - 255

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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One hundred priority questions for advancing seagrass conservation in Europe

Plants People Planet, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(3), С. 587 - 603

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024

Societal Impact Statement Seagrass ecosystems are of fundamental importance to our planet and wellbeing. Seagrasses marine flowering plants, which engineer that provide a multitude ecosystem services, for example, blue foods carbon sequestration. have largely been degraded across much their global range. There is now increasing interest in the conservation restoration these systems, particularly context climate emergency biodiversity crisis. The collation 100 questions from experts Europe could, if answered, improve ability conserve restore systems by facilitating shift success such work. Summary meadows numerous services including biodiversity, coastal protection, In Europe, seagrasses can be found shallow sheltered waters along coastlines, estuaries & lagoons, around islands, but distribution has declined. Factors as poor water quality, modification, mechanical damage, overfishing, land‐sea interactions, change disease reduced coverage Europe’s necessitating recovery. Research, monitoring efforts on seagrass mostly uncoordinated biased towards certain species regions, resulting inadequate delivery critical information management. Here, we aim identify priority questions, addressed would strongly advance monitoring, research Europe. Using Delphi method, researchers, practitioners, policymakers with experience diverse expertise participated process involved formulation voting an online workshop final list questions. covers areas nine themes: Biodiversity Ecology; Ecosystem services; Blue carbon; Fishery support; Drivers, Threats, Resilience Response; Monitoring Assessment; Conservation Restoration; Governance, Policy Management; Communication. Answering will fill current knowledge gaps place European onto positive trajectory

Язык: Английский

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Multi- and hyperspectral classification of soft-bottom intertidal vegetation using a spectral library for coastal biodiversity remote sensing

Remote Sensing of Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 290, С. 113554 - 113554

Опубликована: Март 24, 2023

Monitoring biodiversity and how anthropogenic pressures impact this is critical, especially as anthropogenically driven climate change continues to affect all ecosystems. Intertidal areas are exposed particularly high levels of owing increased population density in coastal areas. Traditional methods monitoring intertidal do not provide datasets with full coverage a cost-effective or timely manner, so the use remote sensing monitor these becoming more common. ecologically important monospecific habitats, such seagrass beds, using techniques well documented. However, ability for multispectral data distinguish efficiently accurately between classes vegetation similar pigment composition, green algae, has proved difficult, often requiring hyperspectral data. A machine learning approach was used differentiate soft-bottom when at low tide, comparing 6 different multi- situ sensors. For library 366 spectra, collected across Northern Europe, accuracy (>80%) found spectral resolutions. While higher resolution resulted accuracy, there no discernible increase above 10 bands (95%: Sentinel-2 MSI sensor spatial 20 m). This work highlights sensors discriminate types, while also showing most wavelengths discrimination (∼530 ∼ 730 nm), giving recommendations ranges future satellite missions. The aid accurate rapid classification taxonomic classes, could be significant contribution sustainable effective ecosystem management.

Язык: Английский

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An evolutionary epigenetic clock in plants

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 381(6665), С. 1440 - 1445

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Molecular clocks are the basis for dating divergence between lineages over macroevolutionary timescales (~105 to 108 years). However, classical DNA-based tick too slowly inform us about recent past. Here, we demonstrate that stochastic DNA methylation changes at a subset of cytosines in plant genomes display clocklike behavior. This "epimutation clock" is orders magnitude faster than and enables phylogenetic explorations on scale years centuries. We show experimentally epimutation recapitulate known topologies branching times intraspecies trees self-fertilizing Arabidopsis thaliana clonal seagrass Zostera marina, which represent two major modes reproduction. discovery will open new possibilities high-resolution temporal studies biodiversity.

Язык: Английский

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Achieving the Kunming–Montreal global biodiversity targets for blue carbon ecosystems

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(7), С. 538 - 552

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Coastal Restoration Challenges and Strategies for Small Island Developing States in the Face of Sea Level Rise and Climate Change

Coasts, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(2), С. 235 - 286

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

The climate crisis poses a grave threat to numerous small island developing states (SIDS), intensifying risks from extreme weather events and sea level rise (SLR). This vulnerability heightens the dangers of coastal erosion, chronic water quality degradation, dwindling resources, demanding global attention. resultant loss ecological persistence, functional services, ecosystem resilience jeopardizes protection against wave action SLR, endangering habitats’ economic value, food security, infrastructure, livelihoods. Implementing integrated strategies is imperative. A thorough discussion available best management practices for restoration presented in context SIDS needs, threats, major constraints. Solutions must encompass enhanced green infrastructure (coral reefs, seagrass meadows, mangroves/wetlands, urban shorelines), sustainable development practices, circular economy principles, adoption policies. requires securing creative funding, promoting job creation, fostering local stakeholder engagement. Tailored each island’s reality, solutions overcome socio-economic, logistical, political obstacles. Despite challenges, timely opportunities exist habitat change adaptation Integrated spanning disciplines stakeholders necessitate significant will.

Язык: Английский

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Diseases of marine fish and shellfish in an age of rapid climate change

iScience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(9), С. 110838 - 110838

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Flavonoids and anthocyanins in seagrasses: implications for climate change adaptation and resilience

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

Seagrasses are a paraphyletic group of marine angiosperms and retain certain adaptations from the ancestors all embryophytes in transition to terrestrial environments. Among these is production flavonoids, versatile phenylpropanoid secondary metabolites that participate variety stress responses. Certain features, such as catalytic promiscuity metabolon interactions, allow flavonoid metabolism expand produce novel compounds respond stimuli. As environments expose seagrasses unique set stresses, plants display interesting profiles, functions which often not completely clear. Flavonoids will likely prove be effective agents combating new host conditions introduced by anthropogenic climate change, affects differently ones. These stresses include increased sulfate levels, changes salt concentration, herbivore distributions, ocean acidification, involve flavonoids response mechanisms, though role combatting change seldom discussed directly literature. can also used assess health seagrass meadows through an interplay between simple phenolic may useful monitoring change. Studies focusing on genetics limited for this group, but large chalcone synthase gene families some species provide topic research. Anthocyanins typically studied separately other flavonoids. The phenomenon reddening focuses importance anthocyanins UV-screening mechanism, while cold less often. Both would adaptation change-induced deviations tidal patterns emersion. However, warming lead decrease anthocyanin content, impact performance intertidal seagrasses. This review highlights angiosperm adaptation, examines research seagrasses, hypothesizes organisms under

Язык: Английский

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Regional and local variability in the morphometric traits of two emblematic seagrass species (Zostera marina and Zostera noltei) along the French coast

Peer Community Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Язык: Английский

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