Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
292(2045)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Bacterial
infections
are
a
major
threat
to
public
health.
Pathogen
host
shifts—where
pathogen
jumps
from
one
species
another—are
important
sources
of
emerging
infectious
diseases.
However,
compared
with
viruses,
we
know
relatively
little
about
the
factors
that
determine
whether
bacteria
can
infect
novel
host,
such
as
how
phylogenetics
constrains
variation
in
range
and
link
between
phylogeny
infectivity
virulence
pathogen.
Here,
experimentally
examined
susceptibility
bacterial
using
panel
36
Drosophilidae
four
pathogens
(
Providencia
rettgeri
,
Pseudomonas
entomophila
Enterococcus
faecalis
Staphylococcus
aureus
).
The
outcomes
infection
differed
greatly
among
across
species.
explains
considerable
amount
susceptibility,
greatest
phylogenetic
signal
for
P.
infection,
explaining
94%
mortality.
Positive
correlations
were
observed
mortality
load
three
out
pathogens.
Correlations
positive
but
largely
non-significant,
suggesting
is
mostly
pathogen-specific.
These
results
suggest
may
be
predicted
by
phylogeny,
effect
vary
magnitude
different
bacteria.
Human
dipeptidyl
peptidase
4
(hDPP-4)
has
been
a
pharmacological
target
for
metabolic
diseases,
particularly
diabetes,
since
the
early
2000s.
As
ubiquitous
enzyme
found
in
both
prokaryotic
and
eukaryotic
organisms,
hDPP-4
plays
crucial
roles
host
homeostasis
disease
progression.
While
many
studies
have
explored
hDPP-4’s
properties,
research
on
gut
microbially
derived
DPP-4
(mDPP-4)
remains
limited.
This
review
discusses
significance
of
mDPP-4
its
health
implications,
analyzing
crystal
structures
comparison
to
human
counterparts.
We
examine
how
inhibitors
could
influence
microbiome
composition
activity.
Additionally,
this
connects
ongoing
discussions
regarding
substrate
specificity
potential
access
routes
mDPP-4,
emphasizing
urgent
need
further
mDPP-4’s
role
improve
precision
inhibitor
therapies.
Infection and Immunity,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2025
The
insect
microbiome
is
comprised
of
extracellular
microbial
communities
that
colonize
the
host
surfaces
and
endosymbionts
reside
inside
cells
tissues.
Both
these
participate
in
essential
aspects
biology,
including
immune
response
interactions
with
pathogens.
In
recent
years,
our
knowledge
about
role
infection
has
increased
tremendously.
While
many
studies
have
highlighted
microbiome's
protective
effect
against
various
natural
enemies
insects,
unexpected
discoveries
shown
some
members
microbiota
can
facilitate
pathogenic
infections.
Here,
we
summarize
fruit
fly,
Drosophila
melanogaster,
substantially
progressed
understanding
host-pathogen-microbiome
during
infection.
We
on
mechanisms
gut
microbiota,
highlight
examples
exploitation
by
pathogens,
detail
endosymbiont-mediated
protection.
addition,
delve
into
a
previously
neglected
topic
research-the
crosstalk
between
microbiota.
Finally,
address
how
remain
resilient
to
responses
stably
By
examining
influenced
reciprocally
affects
outcomes,
this
review
provides
timely
cohesive
coverage
roles
Marsupial
neonates
are
born
with
immature
immune
systems,
making
them
vulnerable
to
pathogens.
While
receive
maternal
protection,
they
can
also
independently
combat
pathogens,
although
the
mechanisms
remain
unknown.
Using
sugar
glider
(
Petaurus
breviceps
)
as
a
model,
we
investigated
immunological
defense
strategies
of
marsupial
neonates.
Cathelicidins—a
family
antimicrobial
peptides
expanded
in
genomes
marsupials—are
highly
expressed
developing
neutrophils.
Sugar
cathelicidins
reside
two
genomic
clusters,
and
their
coordinated
expression
is
achieved
by
enhancer
sharing
within
clusters
long-range
physical
interactions
between
clusters.
Functionally,
modulate
responses
have
potent
antibacterial
effects,
sufficient
provide
protection
mouse
model
sepsis.
Evolutionarily,
complex
history,
marsupials
monotremes
uniquely
retaining
both
among
tetrapods.
Thus,
critical
mediators
immunity,
evolution
may
reflect
life
history–specific
needs
these
animals.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
292(2045)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025
Bacterial
infections
are
a
major
threat
to
public
health.
Pathogen
host
shifts—where
pathogen
jumps
from
one
species
another—are
important
sources
of
emerging
infectious
diseases.
However,
compared
with
viruses,
we
know
relatively
little
about
the
factors
that
determine
whether
bacteria
can
infect
novel
host,
such
as
how
phylogenetics
constrains
variation
in
range
and
link
between
phylogeny
infectivity
virulence
pathogen.
Here,
experimentally
examined
susceptibility
bacterial
using
panel
36
Drosophilidae
four
pathogens
(
Providencia
rettgeri
,
Pseudomonas
entomophila
Enterococcus
faecalis
Staphylococcus
aureus
).
The
outcomes
infection
differed
greatly
among
across
species.
explains
considerable
amount
susceptibility,
greatest
phylogenetic
signal
for
P.
infection,
explaining
94%
mortality.
Positive
correlations
were
observed
mortality
load
three
out
pathogens.
Correlations
positive
but
largely
non-significant,
suggesting
is
mostly
pathogen-specific.
These
results
suggest
may
be
predicted
by
phylogeny,
effect
vary
magnitude
different
bacteria.
