Evolutionary Applications,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Genetic
rescue
is
a
conservation
management
strategy
that
reduces
the
negative
effects
of
genetic
drift
and
inbreeding
in
small
isolated
populations.
However,
such
populations
might
already
be
vulnerable
to
random
fluctuations
growth
rates
(demographic
stochasticity).
Therefore,
success
depends
not
only
on
composition
source
target
but
also
emergent
outcome
interacting
demographic
processes
other
stochastic
events.
Developing
predictive
models
account
for
feedback
between
(‘demo‐genetic
feedback’)
therefore
necessary
guide
implementation
minimize
risk
extinction
threatened
Here,
we
explain
how
mutual
reinforcement
drift,
inbreeding,
stochasticity
increases
We
then
describe
these
can
modelled
by
parameterizing
underlying
mechanisms,
including
deleterious
mutations
with
partial
dominance
variances
increase
as
abundance
declines.
combine
our
suggestions
model
parameterization
comparison
relevant
capability
flexibility
five
open‐source
programs
designed
building
genetically
explicit,
individual‐based
simulations.
Using
one
programs,
provide
heuristic
demonstrate
simulated
delay
virtual
would
otherwise
exposed
greater
due
demo‐genetic
feedback.
use
case
study
Australian
marsupials
published
data
used
or
all
stages
development
application,
parameterization,
calibration,
validation.
highlight
either
empirical
sequence
variation
(or
hybrid
approach)
suggest
model‐based
decision‐making
should
informed
ranking
sensitivity
predicted
probability/time
parameters
(e.g.,
translocation
size,
frequency,
populations)
among
different
genetic‐rescue
scenarios.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
635(8040), С. 898 - 905
Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024
With
large
wildfires
becoming
more
frequent1,2,
we
must
rapidly
learn
how
megafires
impact
biodiversity
to
prioritize
mitigation
and
improve
policy.
A
key
challenge
is
discover
interactions
among
fire-regime
components,
drought
land
tenure
shape
wildfire
impacts.
The
globally
unprecedented3,4
2019–2020
Australian
burnt
than
10
million
hectares5,
prompting
major
investment
in
monitoring.
Collated
data
include
responses
of
2,000
taxa,
providing
an
unparalleled
opportunity
quantify
affect
biodiversity.
We
reveal
that
the
largest
effects
on
plants
animals
were
areas
with
frequent
or
recent
past
fires
within
extensively
areas.
Areas
at
high
severity,
outside
protected
under
extreme
also
had
larger
effects.
included
declines
increases
after
fire,
rainforests
by
mammals.
Our
results
implicate
species
interactions,
dispersal
extent
situ
survival
as
mechanisms
underlying
fire
responses.
Building
resilience
into
these
ecosystems
depends
reducing
recurrence,
including
rapid
suppression
frequently
burnt.
Defending
wet
ecosystems,
expanding
considering
localized
could
contribute.
While
countermeasures
can
help
mitigate
impacts
megafires,
reversing
anthropogenic
climate
change
remains
urgent
broad-scale
solution.
Data
collected
from
taxa
provide
biodiversity,
revealing
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025
ABSTRACT
Camera
traps
are
widely
used
in
wildlife
research
and
monitoring,
so
it
is
imperative
to
understand
their
strengths,
limitations,
potential
for
increasing
impact.
We
investigated
a
decade
of
use
cameras
(2012–2022)
with
case
study
on
Australian
terrestrial
vertebrates
using
multifaceted
approach.
(
i
)
synthesised
information
from
literature
review;
ii
conducted
an
online
questionnaire
132
professionals;
iii
hosted
in‐person
workshop
28
leading
experts
representing
academia,
non‐governmental
organisations
(NGOs),
government;
iv
mapped
camera
trap
usage
based
all
sources.
predicted
that
the
last
would
have
shown:
exponentially
sampling
effort,
continuation
trends
up
2012;
analytics
shifted
naive
presence/absence
capture
rates
towards
hierarchical
modelling
accounts
imperfect
detection,
thereby
improving
quality
outputs
inferences
occupancy,
abundance,
density;
broader
scales
terms
multi‐species,
multi‐site
multi‐year
studies.
However,
results
showed
effort
has
reached
plateau,
publication
only
modestly.
Users
reported
reaching
saturation
point
images
could
be
processed
by
humans
time
complex
analyses
academic
writing.
There
were
strong
taxonomic
geographic
biases
medium–large
mammals
(>500
g)
forests
along
Australia's
southeastern
coastlines,
reflecting
proximity
major
cities.
Regarding
analytical
choices,
bias‐prone
indices
still
accounted
~50%
this
was
consistent
across
user
groups.
Multi‐species,
multiple‐year
studies
rare,
largely
driven
hesitancy
around
collaboration
data
sharing.
no
repository
Atlas
Living
Australia
(ALA)
dominant
sharing
tabular
occurrence
records.
ALA
presence‐only
thus
unsuitable
creating
detection
histories
absences,
inhibiting
modelling.
Workshop
discussions
identified
pressing
need
enhance
efficiency,
scale
management
outcomes,
proposal
Wildlife
Observatory
(WildObs).
To
encourage
standards
sharing,
WildObs
should
promote
metadata
collection
app;
create
tagged
image
facilitate
artificial
intelligence/machine
learning
(AI/ML)
computer
vision
space;
address
identification
bottleneck
via
AI/ML‐powered
image‐processing
platforms;
commons
suitable
modelling;
v
provide
capacity
building
tools
Our
review
highlights
while
investments
monitoring
biodiversity
position
global
leader
context,
realising
requires
paradigm
shift
best
practices
collecting,
curating,
analysing
‘Big
Data’.
findings
framework
broad
applicability
outside
meet
conservation
objectives
ranging
local
scales.
This
articulates
country/continental
observatory
approach
also
international
collaborative
networks.
Applied Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(3), С. 1354 - 1354
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025
Biodiversity,
from
genes
to
entire
ecosystems,
is
crucial
for
a
healthy
planet.
However,
human
activities,
including
business
practices,
are
causing
rapid
biodiversity
loss.
This
study
focuses
on
selecting
and
integrating
protection
practices
into
the
supply
chain,
offering
chance
make
positive
changes
environment
future
generations.
A
new
hybrid
grey
multi-criteria
decision-making
(MCDM)
model
proposed
in
this
paper,
which
combines
Best–Worst
Method
(BWM)
obtaining
criteria
weights
Axial
Distance-based
Aggregated
Measurement
(ADAM)
method
ranking
alternatives
(practices).
The
applicability
of
solving
defined
problem
was
demonstrated
by
nine
according
seven
criteria.
most
effective
chain
management
context
conservation
were
policies
(with
score
0.044),
goal
setting,
monitoring,
reporting,
transparency
(0.039),
education
awareness
raising
(0.037).
These
best
because
they
combine
clear
frameworks,
measurable
goals,
long-term
cultural
change
conservation.
lowest
ranked
practice
compliance
with
legislation
(0.006)
since
it
represents
baseline,
reactive
approach
rather
than
proactive
or
innovative
strategy
provides
comprehensive
framework
MCDM
that
enhances
theoretical
knowledge
can
serve
as
basis
developing
practical
tool
integrating,
assessing,
prioritizing
biodiversity-focused
chains.
main
novelties
paper
extension
ADAM
environment,
development
BWM
method,
identification
biodiversity-oriented
strategies
chains
their
evaluation,
evaluation
selection.
Journal of Fungi,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(2), С. 113 - 113
Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025
(1)
Background:
Endophytic
fungi
play
an
important
role
in
plant
growth
and
stress
resistance.
The
presence
of
a
special
fungal
taxon
such
as
the
dark
septate
endophytic
(DSE)
alpine
environments
is
particularly
for
resistance
to
environmental
stresses.
However,
composition
root
different
between
host
plants
has
not
been
well
studied.
(2)
Results:
A
total
408
culturable
were
isolated
from
roots
Saussurea
involucrata
Rhodiola
crenulata
which
collected
5
plots
Tianshan
Karakoram
Mountains
Xinjiang
region,
belonging
91
species,
54
genera,
31
families,
3
phyla
based
on
morphological
characteristics
molecular
sequence.
Among
them,
DSE
dominant
group,
accounting
52.94%,
Leptodontidium
orchidicola
was
species.
In
addition,
we
also
compared
diversity
sites,
with
emphasis
taxa
DSE.
(3)
Conclusions:
cultural
are
significantly
two
medicinal
species
across
various
locations.
Some
showed
preferences
or
environment.
resources,
especially
DSE,
very
rich
plants,
indicating
that
these
may
crucial
ecological
adaptation
harsh
environments.
Wildfires
threaten
human
health,
economies
and
the
environment.
Fuel
management
is
a
core
activity
of
land
managers
to
reduce
detrimental
impacts
wildfires.
Land
also
seek
conserve
biodiversity
within
their
fuel
programs.
We
sought
understand
how
could
be
implemented
achieve
fire
risk
reduction
conservation
in
same
landscape.
Specifically,
we
asked:
(1)
what
vegetation
attributes
are
desirable
for
wildfire
conservation,
they
compatible?
(2)
combinations
actions
both
objectives?
used
structured
decision-making
with
23
stakeholders
from
eight
organisations
elicit
means
objectives
dry
eucalypt
forests
woodlands.
Vegetation
identified
as
were
often
compatible
those
desired
suggesting
Workshop
participants
selected
prescribed
burning
action,
specifically,
mixed
severity,
patchy
burns
conservation.
Predator
control,
habitat
creation
revegetation
coupled
mechanical
treatments
improve
outcomes
biodiversity.
There
was
uncertainty
around
likelihood
success
most
actions,
highlighting
need
adaptive
test
refine
over
time.
Overall,
allowed
integration
range
stakeholder
perspectives
into
development
multi-objective
pathways.
This
approach
forms
basis
designing
more
socially
acceptable
Context
Examining
Australia’s
late
Quaternary
subfossil
record
can
be
valuable
in
assessing
whether
the
current
diversity
of
small-bodied
mammals
seen
across
some
parts
northern
Australia
is
‘normal’.
Such
records
are
important
for
establishing
baselines
measuring
historic
changes
communities
today
and
into
future.
These
datasets
becoming
increasingly
important,
given
trajectories
global
climate
change,
predicted
habitat
losses
other
potential
anthropogenic
impacts.
Aims
The
main
aim
this
study
to
utilise
local
from
north-eastern
establish
a
natural
baseline
small
mammal
post-European
colonisation.
Methods
Subfossils
vertebrates
taxa
were
recovered
surface
deposits
adjacent
cave
entrances
at
Broken
River,
near
Greenvale
Queensland,
subjected
taxonomic,
taphonomic
statistical
analyses.
then
compared
with
faunal
modern
surveys
compare
differences
between
past
present.
Key
results
Radiocarbon
dating
showed
that
these
subfossils
geologically
young,
approximately
time
European
We
provide
evidence
former
presence
extinct
species
hopping
mice
(Notomys
spp.)
rabbit
rats
(Conilurus
region.
Additional
locally
extirpated
such
as
Cape
York
bandicoot
(Isoodon
peninsulae)
Shark
Bay
mouse
(Pseudomys
gouldii)
demonstrated
considerable
range
contractions
since
accumulated,
their
distribution.
Independent
land
snails
is,
two
exceptions,
all
modern-day
vine
thicket,
karst-dwelling
indicating
long-term
maintenance
thicket
habitat.
Thus,
loss
several
unlikely
result
loss.
Conclusions
Analysis
small-mammal
much
more
diverse
than
region’s
extant
faunas
recorded
by
surveys.
Many
extinctions
extirpations
evidently
occurred
prior
being
inhabitants
Implications
Our
data
suggested
colonisation
likely
substantially
worse
previously
realised.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
122(6)
Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025
The
global
extinction
crisis
is
intensifying
rapidly,
driven
by
habitat
loss,
overexploitation,
climate
change,
invasive
species,
and
disease.
This
unprecedented
loss
of
species
not
only
threatens
ecological
integrity
but
also
undermines
ecosystem
services
vital
for
human
survival.
In
response,
many
countries
have
set
ambitious
conservation
targets
such
as
halting
extinctions,
yet
the
necessary
financial
commitments
to
achieve
this
are
rarely
prescribed.
Estimating
costs
can
be
achieved
using
an
ensemble
spatially
variable
species-specific
cost
models
threat
abatement
activities.
We
employ
method
provide
a
assessment
halt
extinctions
Australia’s
priority
terrestrial
freshwater
species.
show
that
it
will
~AUD15.6
billion/year
30
y
these
99
(comparable
1%
GDP).
more
objectives
move
down
one
category
(~AUD103.7
billion/year)
or
remove
from
threatened
list
entirely
(~AUD157.7
would
require
considerably
investment.
Regardless
what
spent,
we
found
16
(16%)
could
removed
due
extensive
historical
declines
pervasive,
ongoing,
unmanageable
threats,
change.
But
implementing
efforts
ensure
benefits
over
43%
all
nationally
listed
nonmarine
Adequate
funding
crucial
meeting
government
requires
both
leadership
private
sector
Biological Conservation,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
293, С. 110589 - 110589
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024
Using
a
26-year
dataset,
we
quantify
temporal
change
in
detections
of
arboreal
marsupial
species
the
tall,
wet
montane
ash
forests
mainland
south-eastern
Australia.
We
sought
to
determine
if
patterns
number
were
associated
with
changes
potential
explanatory
variables,
such
as
stand
age
and
abundance
hollow-bearing
trees.
Our
key
findings
were:
(1)
Four
characterised
by
an
overall
decline
over
time,
although
sometimes
complex,
non-linear
ways.
Exceptions
Common
Ringtail
Possum
(Pseudocheirus
peregrinus)
which
increased,
Mountain
Brushtail
(Trichosurus
cunninghami)
exhibited
no
change.
(2)
Detections
almost
all
strongly
related
(3)
Long-term
declines
most
trees
age.
And,
(4)
There
strong
interspecific
effects,
ranging
from
negative
associations
young
regenerated
forest
after
wildfire
2009
for
Southern
Greater
Glider
(Petauroides
volans),
positive
same
aged
Possum.
underscore
that
management
must
properly
address
drivers
decline.
Management
protect
promote
recruitment
large
old
keystone
resource
marsupials.
results
also
highlight
substantial
lag
effects
condition
resulting
past
clearfelling
recurrent
wildfires
has
led
widespread
degradation.
Active,
long-term
restoration
programs
will
be
needed
this
problem.
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(5)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
Abstract
Fire
shapes
animal
communities
by
altering
resource
availability
and
species
interactions,
including
between
predators
prey.
In
Australia,
there
is
particular
concern
that
two
highly
damaging
invasive
predators,
the
feral
cat
(
Felis
catus
)
European
red
fox
Vulpes
vulpes
),
increase
their
activity
in
recently
burnt
areas
exert
greater
predation
pressure
on
native
prey
due
to
increased
exposure.
We
tested
how
prescribed
fire
occurrence
extent,
along
with
history,
vegetation,
topography,
distance
anthropogenic
features
(towns
farms),
affected
(detection
frequency)
of
cats,
foxes,
mammal
community
south‐eastern
Australia.
used
camera
traps
quantify
before
after
a
burn
statistically
interacted
these
habitat
variables
affect
activity.
found
little
evidence
influenced
cats
foxes
no
an
effect
kangaroo
or
small
(<800
g)
Medium‐sized
mammals
(800–2000
were
negatively
associated
suggesting
has
negative
impact
short
term.
The
lack
clear
from
likely
positive
outcome
management
perspective.
However,
we
highlight
response
dependent
upon
factors
like
size,
severity,
availability.
Future
experiments
should
incorporate
GPS‐trackers
record
fine‐scale
movements
temperate
ecosystems
immediately
best
inform
within
protected
areas.
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(7)
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024
Conservation
havens
free
of
invasive
predators
are
increasingly
relied
upon
for
fauna
conservation,
although
havened
populations
can
lose
anti-predator
traits,
likely
making
them
less
suitable
life
'beyond
the
fence'.
Sustaining
low
levels
mammalian
predator
pressure
inside
may
prevent
loss
traits
from
populations.
We
opportunistically
compared
behavioural
and
morphological
between
four
woylie
(